日本“脱亚”论之研究

【作者】 赵春子；

【导师】 潘畅和；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 外国哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 日本“脱亚”论的首推者当属福泽谕吉，1885年他发表的著名的短篇《脱亚论》为日本选择了一条实现现代化的道路，并在当时的日本社会产生了非常广泛的影响。因此，在分析日本“脱亚”论的时候，本文首先对《脱亚论》入手，重点分析了《脱亚论》的形成过程，以及内容、特征及其影响。而后，本文对二战以后出现的梅棹忠夫的《文明的生态史观》，以及上个世纪末期出现的川胜平太的《文明的海洋史观序说》的形成、主要内容、特点及其影响进行了梳理。在分析过程中，笔者认为，《文明的生态史观》、《文明的海洋史观》也都是日本在现代化发展过程中出现的新的“脱亚思想”。因此笔者认为《脱亚论》、《文明的生态史观》、《文明的海洋史观》共同构成了日本的脱亚论。福泽谕吉的《脱亚论》是日本“脱亚”论的第一种形态。其主旨是日本应早日脱离以中国为中心的朝贡体系、儒教主义、亚洲的封建性的政治关系，并把日本建设成自主意识的、新型的、欧洲式的民族国家，要想实现这一目标，其核心是“脱亚”。《脱亚论》的主旨在日本全国范围内产生了广泛的影响，日本的对外侵略作为他的一种实践形式也深深的伤害了亚洲其他国家的利益。梅棹忠夫的《文明的生态史观》是日本“脱亚”论的第二种形态。二战后，日本经济缘何能够迅速恢复，并超过二战前的水平，梅棹忠夫总结为日本文明具有优越性。《文明的生态史观》表明了日本文明是独立于西欧文明，并与之平行进化的文明。在论述过程中，梅棹忠夫也在强调日本文明形成的独立性，这点与福泽谕吉脱亚论的主旨是相似的。经过分析，笔者认为《文明的生态史观》正是从生态学的角度为践行《脱亚论》寻求的理论根据。川胜平太的《文明的海洋史观》是日本“脱亚”论的第三种形态。川胜平太认为福泽谕吉倡导的“脱亚论”是合乎时宜的理论。《文明的海洋史观》在继承了梅棹忠夫的生态学模式的基础上，并把日本文明产生的源地定位于海洋，表明日本文明与中国文明对立。《文明的海洋史观》构想建立“西太平洋同纬度国家联合”，并鼓吹以“非亚洲”的日本领导在西太平洋联盟，与福泽谕吉在亚细亚开创新格局的愿望又是那么的相似。因此，《文明的海洋史观》被学界认为是新一轮“脱亚论”的开始。总之，福泽谕吉、梅棹忠夫、川胜平太作为脱亚论的首推者和延续者，他们都是以日本在世界中的独立为出发点来考虑日本发展的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Japan "escapes Asia theory" of the first pusher is Fukuzawa Yukichi. In 1885he published his famous short stories<The from Asia theory>for Japan to achieve achoice of the road of modernization, and the then Japanese society have a very broadimpact. Therefore, when analyses the Japan from Asia, this paper getting <The fromAsia theory> to start, analyse focused on the <The from Asia theory> at the formationprocess, as well as content, Features and its impact. Then, right after World WarⅡthe Umesao radao’s <The view of civilized ecological history>, and the at the endof last century occurred the Heita Kawakatsu’s <The civilized history of the marinesequence> and the formation of main content Features and influence are carded. In theprocess of analysis, the author believes that <The view of civilized ecological history> and <The view of Civilized marine history> are the new "the from Asia think" ofthe process of modernization and development in Japan. Therefore, 1 believe that <Thefrom Asia theory>, <The view of civilized ecological history> and <The view ofCivilized marine history> constitute Japan’s divorcing from Asia.Fukuzawa Yukichi’s <The from Asia theory> is the first form of the Japan "fromAsia". Its main purpose is to be an early departure from Japan to China as the centerof the tributary system, Confucian doctrine, Asian feudalism political relations, andestablish as an independent consciousness, the new, European-style nation-state inJapan. To achieve this goal, the core of which is "breaking away from Asia". <The fromAsia theory>at the thrust of the Japanese nationwide will have a broad impact Japan’ sexternal aggression as he forms a practice deeply hurt the other Asian countries.Umesao Tadao’ s <The view of civilized ecological history> is the second formof the Japan from Asia. After World WarⅡ, Why did Japan’ s economy renew rapidly, andexceeded the level before World WarⅡ? Umesao Tadao strained up the superiority ofJapanese civilization. <The civilized ecological history view> Shows the Japanesecivilization is independent of Western civilization, and the parallel evolution ofcivilization. Discussed in the process, Umesao Tadao also stressed that Japancivilized form of independence. This is similar with Yukichi Fukuzawa from Asia on the theme. After analysis, The author believes <The civilized ecological history view>is from the perspective of Ecology to practice <The from Asia theory> for thetheoretical basis.Heita Kawakatsu’s <The view of Civilized marine history>is the third form ofthe Japan from Asia.Heita Kawakatsu thingk that Yukichi Fukuzawa advocated the " from Asia theory"which is timely argument. When <The view of Civilized marine history> succeed UmesaoTadao ecological model on the basis, Japanese civilization and the source located inthe oceans, which showed that the Japanese and Chinese civilization againstcivilization. <The view of Civilized marine history> idea "Western Pacific latitudewith the United States", and it also calls for "non-Asian" the .apanese leadershipin the western Pacific Union, and is so similar Fukuzawa Yukichi in Asia opening upnew ideas pattern. Therefore, <The view of Civilized marine history> was considereda new "from Asia" at the beginning.In short, Fukuzawayukichi、Umesao Tadao and Heita Kawakatsu as the case and renewalof the from Asia theory, they are in the independent of Japan in the world as a startingpoint for consideration of the development of Japan.更多还原