【作者】 陈达育；

【导师】 唐一科；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着旋转机械的发展,动平衡技术得到越来越广泛的应用,尤其是在发动机曲轴上,提出了更高的要求。曲轴作为结构特殊的刚性转子,在运行中总是与连杆、活塞(滑块)一起构成一个整体,称为曲柄连杆机构。由于有往复质量的影响,曲柄连杆机构不可能达到完全的平衡,有其特殊性,因此其理论在动平衡领域占有特殊地位。[1]为了满足通用汽油发动机曲轴组件动平衡测试的需要,有几家企业开始研制针对发动机曲轴组件动平衡测试的专用动平衡机,该机也可兼作小规格曲轴零件的动平衡测试。但这种动平衡机属于实验室仪器,去重钻孔作业不能在平衡机上进行,效率低,无法适应生产线上快速检测去重作业的需要。因此本课题研究开发的专门用于通用汽油发动机曲轴的动平衡测试分析与自动去重的系统有着非常重要得意义。本文是专门针对通用汽油发动机曲轴动平衡检测与去重一体化的平台,以转子动平衡动力学为基础,结合机械技术、电子技术、计算机和信息处理技术、自动控制技术、传感与测试技术、数据采集、A/D转换与调理、I/O控制、数字信号的分析与处理等微电子技术,利用计算机的强大数据运算能力,克服现有曲轴组件动平衡系统的缺陷以降低测试成本,提高测试精度和测试效率。本系统能完成曲轴的双面动平衡测试,实时给出不平衡量的大小和不平衡相位,同时对测试不合格的产品进行自动去重处理,使剩余的不平衡量降低到允许的范围之内。本文中应用拟合插值等方法,实现各信号周期和采样点的严格同步,各周期对应点求平均,取得数据样本,以滤除非周期信号,确保不平衡相位测试的精度;用谐波分析方法,滤除基波以外的各次谐波,确保不平衡原始数据的准确性,提高不平衡幅值测试的精度。此外,采用先进的影响系数法处理不平衡数据,提高了测试效率及消除各种系统因素的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the development of rotatory machinery, the technology of dynamic balance gets more and more extensive application. Especially to the crankshaft of engine,we put forward higher requirement. As a rigid rotor with special configuration, the crank is always integrated with itsaccessory components such as shaft and piston (slip) in operating forms a whole together, called the brace connecting rod machine. So,with the reciprocal mass of this combinational equipment, the dynamic balance of the crank has the special status in the field of the dynamic balance theory. In order to meet the need of the General Gasoline Engine dynamic balance testing, several enterprises begin to develop the special-purpose dynamic balance machine to do dynamic balancing for the engine of crank, this machine can also work as the dynamic balance testing for the crank of small specification at the same time. But the dynamic balance machine works like a laboratory instrument, machining and drilling can not do on the dynamic balance machine, efficiency is low, unable to meet the need of testing and machining on the fast production line. So this subject research the system about the dynamic balance testing and automatic machining for specially used in the crank of the General Gasoline Engine has very important meaning.This paper is research specially platform to the General Gasoline Engine dynamic balance testing and machining, based on the rotor dynamics balance, combine mechanical technology, electronic technology, the computer and information disposal technology, autocontrol technology, sensing and testing technology, data sampling, A/D changing and recuperating, I/O controlling, analysis and processing of the digital signal,etc., use the strongly data operate ability of the computer, overcome the defect of the current crank system of dynamic ,reduce the cost of the test, improve the precision and efficiency of the testing.This system can finish the two-sided crank testing of the dynamic balance, provide the result and phase of imbalance in real time, and do machining automatically at the same time to the products which is not up to standard of testing, enable the remain imbalance is reduced to the allowed range.This papert use the inserting and fitting method, realize every signal cycle and sampled point move ahead simultaneously strictly, do average of the corresponding point to obtain the data sample in every cycle,in order to wipe off the not periodic signal, insure the phase precision of the dynamic balance testing; Use the harmony wave analytical method to wipe off the additional wave out of the base wave, insure the initial data accuracy of the dynamic balance testing, improve the testing precision. In addition, adopt the advanced influence coefficient method to deal with the imbalance data, to improve the efficiency of testing and wipe off the influence factors of different system.更多还原