【作者】 武和胜；

【导师】 弓晓峰；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 环境科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 高铁酸钾是20世纪50年代以来开发的一种新型水处理剂，它具有良好的氧化除污功效、优异的混凝助凝作用、优良的杀菌消毒作用及高效的脱味除臭功能，而且不会对处理后的水样带来二次污染。但是由于高铁酸钾的稳定性不佳，且制备复杂、成本较高，一直未能实现大规模的工业应用。垃圾渗滤液是一种高浓度有机废水，具有水质复杂、有机物种类繁多；污染物浓度高、水质水量变化范围大；金属、氨氮含量高等特性，是一种处理工艺复杂、处理成本高昂的废水。本论文以自制的饱和次氯酸钾溶液和硝酸铁为原料，制得了纯度为98％的高铁酸钾晶体，并通过其纯度随时间的变化分析得知高铁酸钾的稳定保存期约为20 d。通过条件实验得出高铁酸钾纯品去除废水中氨氮最佳投加量为4：1，最佳pH值为9，处理效果受温度影响不大。采用高铁酸钾晶体直接处理氨氮初始浓度为1015 mg／L的垃圾渗滤液，氨氮去除率可达60％。实验中发现，高铁酸钾晶体一经投放到渗滤液中即分解，表明其氧化性能未能充分发挥。针对采用高铁酸钾晶体直接处理垃圾渗滤液中存在的问题，本论文改用高铁酸钾晶体制备过程中制得的高铁酸钾滤液及经活化的吸附剂负载后的高铁酸钾处理垃圾渗滤液。实验结果表明：高铁酸钾滤液对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮具有非常好的去除效果，对废水中COD_Cr、BOD₅也有一定的去除效果。100 mL垃圾渗滤液中投加4 mL浓度为21.45 mmol／L的高铁酸钾滤液，对氨氮的去除率可达到约80％，COD_Cr去除率达到46.5％，BOD₅去除率达到约70％，且浓度较低的高铁酸钾滤液稳定性也大大提高，在60 d内仅少量分解；而活性炭型负载型高铁酸钾对垃圾渗滤液中COD_Cr具有非常好的协同去除效果，当药剂投加量为15 g（高铁酸钾最大释放量约为9 mg）时，100 mL垃圾渗滤液中COD_Cr的去除率达到89％。通过对三种高铁酸钾产品在处理垃圾渗滤液中的效果比较，论文总结了三种产品各自的优缺点。研究结果可为高铁酸钾的深入研究提供科学依据，对于开发实用性强的高铁酸钾产品具有重要的理论意义和指导价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The potassium ferrate has been developed as a new water treatment agent sincethe 1950s in the 20th century owing to its satisfying effects of oxidativedecontamination and flocculating, eminent sterilization and effective disinfection anddeodorizing functions. Furthermore, it will not bring secondary pollution to thetreated water. However, K₂FeO₄ has not been able to achieve large-scale industrialapplications due to the poor stability of potassium ferrate and the complicatedpreparation and the higher cost.Landfill leachate is a highly concentrated organic wastewater, with the complexwater quality, a wide range of organic compounds, high concentrations of pollutants,large range of water quantity, higher contents of metals and ammonia nitrogen.Moreover, the treatment process is very complicated and the cost is high.In this paper the potassium ferrate crystal has been synthesized with potassiumhypochlorite and ferric nitrate, and the purity reaches 98%. With the change of timeto its purity analysis, it showed that the stable preserved periods for potassium ferratecrystal is about 20 days. The experiments indicate that the optimize dosage for thepotassium ferrate crystal is four times to that of ammonia nitrogen, the pH value is 9,and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is almost free of the influence oftemperature. To landfill leachate treatment, the potassium ferrate crystal can remove60% ammonia nitrogen. But experiments found that the crystals of potassium ferrateleachate decomposed immediately when adding it to the landfill leachate, whichindicates its oxidation is not fullly accomplished.In view of the problems above, we switch to use the potassium ferrate filtrateand the loaded-type potassium ferrate to treat the landfill leachate. The experimentalresults show that: the potassium ferrate filtrate is a very good ammonia removal agent,and it also have a certain effect to remove COD_Cr and BOD₅. When 5 ml potassiumferrate whose concentration is 21.45 mmol/L was added to 100 ml landfill leachate,the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, COD_Cr, BOD₅ could reach 80%, 46.5%, 70%respectively. The stability of a lower concentration of potassium ferrate filtrate is greatly improved, and only a small number decomposed in 60 days. The activatecarbon loaded-type potassium ferrate has a very good cooperated effect to remove theCOD_Cr from the landfill leachate. When the dosage is 15 g （the biggest releasecontent of potassium ferrate is about 9 mg）, the removal of COD_Cr in 100 ml landfillleachate could reach 89%.This paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of three types ofpotassium ferrate products through the compare of their effects in the landfill leaehatetreatment. The results provide a scientific basis for the in-depth study of potassiumferrate, it has important theoretical value and significance for the practicaldevelopment of potassium ferrate products.更多还原