【作者】 刘霞；

【导师】 赵淑英；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目的了解长沙市中学生校园暴力的流行情况及其影响因素，制订中学生校园暴力的干预措施，并评价干预效果。方法采用现场干预研究方法，从长沙市初一、初二、高一、高二年级抽取875名中学生为研究对象，每个年级随机抽取两个班级，其中一个班级作为干预组，另一个作为对照组。应用自行设计的青少年成长与校园安全调查表，并采用以健康教育为主的干预措施对干预组中学生进行干预，12个月后再次对调查对象进行调查，比较干预以后干预组和对照组的差异、干预组和对照组各自在干预前后的差异，评价健康教育干预的效果。结果1、干预前，精神暴力的检出率为59.0％，躯体暴力的检出率为35.7％，干预组和对照组差异没有统计学意义；对于发生在校园内的各种暴力现象，有29.0％的学生认识不到这是一种不正确的行为，干预组和对照组差异无统计学意义；面对校园暴力，有43.4％的中学生会向老师、家长或警察报告，28.6％的中学生不会报告，28.0％的中学生没有想过或不知道怎么做，干预组和对照组差异没有统计学意义。2、男性、独生子女、父母关系不好、父亲饮酒等是校园暴力行为的危险因素。3、干预后，干预组精神暴力、躯体暴力检出率均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义，干预组干预前后比较，其中精神暴力检出率降低，差异有统计学意义，躯体暴力差异无统计学意义，对照组干预前后比较，精神暴力和躯体暴力差异均无统计学意义；对校园暴力现象的认知对照组和干预组差异有统计学意义，干预组干预前后差异有统计学意义，对照组在干预前后差异无统计学意义；面对校园暴力，是否会报告，干预组和对照组差异有统计学意义，干预组干预前后对校园暴力的反应差异有统计学意义，对照组在干预前后差异没有统计学意义。结论1、长沙市中学生校园暴力较为普遍：大部分中学生对校园暴力行为缺乏正确的认识和应对措施。2、校园暴力受到社会、学校、家庭、学生本身四个方面的影响，因此要从这几个方面共同着手最大程度上降低校园暴力的发生。3、以健康教育为主的校园暴力干预措施对提高中学生的正确认知、转变态度、降低校园暴力行为发生率是有效的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To study the prevalence of school violence among middle school students in Changsha city and to identify the effective factors, and to take the measures to decrease school violence and to evaluate the effect.Method: Intervention study was used, 875 middle-school students from grade 1-2 of junior and senior high school were recruited , 2 classes were chosen randomly from every grade, one acted as the experiment group, the other as the control group. Self-designed questionnaire of adolescent and the safety of schoolyard were employed, and the measures mainly about health education were taken to the experiment group, the objects were tested again 12 months later, compare the difference of the experiment group with the control group after intervention, compare the difference of the 2 groups before and after intervention respectively, then appraise the effect of the intervention.Results: 1、Before the intervention, the rate of psychological violence was 59.0%, and physical violence was 35.7%; 29.0% of the objects considered school violence as no mistake or little mistake; 43.4% of the students would resort to teachers or parents or police after the damage of school violence, 28.6% would not to report, 28.0% did not think about it or be at a loss. There was no difference between the experiment group and the control one. 2、male, one child in the family, unharmonized of the parents were the risk factors of school violence. 3、After the intervention, the rate of psychological violence of the experiment group was under the control group, and the difference was significant, and physical violence was the same, compare the rate of school violence of the experiment group before and after intervention, the rate of psychological violence decreased and the difference was significant, and no difference of physical violence, the rate of the control group before and after intervention, no difference both physical violence and psychological violence; the cognization towards school violence, the difference between 2 groups was significant, significant difference was found of the experiment group before and after intervention, and no difference was found of the control group; the action if encountered school violence, the difference between 2 groups was significant, the difference of the experiment group before and after intervention was significant, and no difference was found of the control group.Conclusions: 1、School violence among middle-school students was serious in Changsha city, most of the students lack a correct understanding of school violence, less half of the students will seek help to parents, teachers or police. 2、School violence was influenced from society, school, family and students, in order to decrease school violence, we should make great efforts from these four facets. 3、The intervention was effective to change the attitude of the student for school violence, and was good for decreasing shool violence.更多还原