【作者】 陆宏生；

【导师】 施国庆； 王毅杰；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 社会学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在教育与个人的职业命运以及社会地位越来越密切相关的现代社会，对教育层次及质量的需求随之逐步提高。中国高考制度中以分取人的原则与填报志愿的录取方式使得各类应考的学生不得不在众多参差不等的高校中进行一次历史性的选择。由于这次选择事关个人的命运前途，甚至还参杂进家庭以及社会等一系列复杂因素，因此考生在做出相应的选择时便很难不考虑自身的实际收益和风险成本问题。从某校某专业1987—1999年入学的学生档案资料来看，农村与非农村出身的考生在被同一所高校同一门专业录取时，前者历年的高考平均分总是高于后者。在比较了地区间教育水平差异、录取分数线差异、对高校与专业的信息获得差异这些因素的影响后，本文认为比较具有说服力的解释应该是，与非农村考生相比，农村学生被同等高校及专业录取时所获得的实际“收益”相对高于非农村学生，即他们获得了跳出“农门”的机会。进一步来看，不一样的实际“收益”隐含着不一样的“风险成本”，农村考生在纵身一跃前很可能会选择相对保险的“高度”，以确保自己能够获得收益。当然，本文也并不排除其他因素的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern society, personal professional destiny and social status are closely related to the education. As a result, the requirements for the education levels and quality have gradually increased. Chinese college entrance examination system, which a lot of participants have to face a principle of determining the fate of a person through making a voluntary enrollment method, makes all the students do a historic choice from rated different universities. The students’ choices are concerned with their future, which are influenced by a series of complex factors of the family and the community. The students have to consider their own actual benefits and the risk when they make the corresponding choices.From the archives which record the scores of the enrolled students form 1987 to 1999 in one school, the average score of rural students is higher than the non-rural students which take the same major in same university. By analyzing the differences in the inter-regional educational level, the enrolled score and the access to the information regarding the college and major, a persuasive explanation is that the rural students get the more benefits than the non-rural students when they are enrolled by the same college and major. The benefits is relative to the equivalent risks . In order to make them to get the benefit, the rural students may make the choice with lower risk when they choose the college and the major, which choice is influenced by the other potential factors not included in this paper.更多还原