【作者】 宁加佳；

【导师】 黄乘明； 武正军；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 生态学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 鳄蜥(Shinisaurus crocodilurus)属国家I级保护动物,1989年被列入CITES附录Ⅱ中,是应受特别保护的物种。由于近年来人为活动的影响,其栖息生境受到严重破坏,种群数量急剧减少。但是,到目前为止,人们对这一濒危物种仍然了解甚少。从2006年4月至2006年10月,我们在广东罗坑自然保护区对鳄蜥进行了连续的观察,收集了有关活动时间分配、活动节律及食性等的数据,以期为鳄蜥的保护和管理提供生态学基础资料。主要研究结果如下:1.活动时间分配及活动节律:在鳄蜥的昼间活动时间分配中,静栖行为占有绝对优势,其次是在穴和晒太阳行为,移动、捕食及其它行为最少。成蜥、亚成蜥在移动、捕食和其它行为时间分配上存在极显著差异。不同季节成蜥的移动和晒太阳行为有显著差异,在穴行为有极显著差异;亚成蜥的捕食和其它行为有显著差异,移动、在穴和静栖行为有极显著差异。天气因素对成蜥的移动和晒太阳行为影响显著,对亚成蜥的捕食、晒太阳和静栖行为影响极显著。在鳄蜥的昼间活动节律方面,捕食行为没有明显的规律性,但捕食行为高峰的出现往往伴随着其它及移动行为的高峰。晒太阳行为在早上和下午有两个明显高峰,正午有一个低谷。在穴行为主要发生在春秋两季,高峰出现在温度较低的早晚。不同季节其活动节律有所不同。此外在不同天气条件下,鳄蜥的活动节律也有一定的差异性,主要表现在:晴天鳄蜥的晒太阳行为持续时间和强度高于阴雨天;雨天鳄蜥活动较频繁,呈现多个明显的高峰。2.食性:鳄蜥摄入的食物均为无脊椎动物,分别属于软体、环节和节肢动物门,涉及20余科。雄性成体摄取最多的食物为蚯蚓(34.78%)、蜘蛛目(8.70%)、螽斯科(8.70%)和蝉科(8.70%)动物,雌性成体摄取最多的食物为蚯蚓(50%),亚成体摄取最多的食物为蚯蚓(36.59%)和蜘蛛目(14.63%)动物。雄性成体、雌性成体和亚成体食物生态位宽度分别为6.22、3.33和5.74。雌雄成体、雌性成体与亚成体和雄性成体与亚成体食物生态位重叠度分别为0.995、0.990及0.970。成体摄入的食物大小及食物量的变化范围均大于亚成体,成体、亚成体的食物大小差异显著,食物量差异非常显著。成体和亚成体胃中食物的大小和食物量均与体长无显著相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese crocodile lizard which should receive specially protects is priserved as the first class protected animal in China and included the CITES appendix in II in 1989. Due to human activities, their habitats are destroyed seriously, which causes very great population declines. However, up to now, little is known about this endangered species. We collected data on behavioral time budget, activity rhythm and diet at Luokeng Reserve from April to October 2006, so as to provide the ecology basic data for the protection and the management of the Chinese crocodile lizard. The main results were as following:1. Behavioral time budget and activity rhythm: Chinese crocodile lizard spent the most time in resting, followed by in-nest, sun bathing, moving, feeding and others. There were highly significant difference in moving, feeding and others between adult and juveniles. In deferent seasons, adult had significant difference in moving, sun bathing and highly significant difference in in-nest. Juveniles had significant difference in feeding and others, highly significant difference in moving, in-nest and resting. The weather affected the behavior of moving and sun bathing significantly to adult and the behavior of feeding, sun bathing and resting high significantly to juveniles. For the diurnal activity rhythm, there was no obvious rhythm in feeding, but its peak often followed the peak of others and moving. The behavior of sun bathing had two obvious peaks in morning and the afternoon, but had a trough at noon. The behavior of in-nest mainly occurred in the spring and autumn, the peak appeared in moring and evening. Seasonal change was apparent in activity pattern. And they also differed among different climate: In sunny days the duration and the intensity of sun bathing was higher than cloudy and rainy days. In rainy days Chinese crocodile lizard moved more frequently and presented many obvious peaks.2. Diet: Chinese crocodile lizard consumed a broad range of annelid, molluscan and arthropod invertebrates covering more than 20 families. Analyses of stomach contents showed that, for adult males, the most important prey items overall were Pheretima (34.78%), Araneida (8.70%), Tettigoniidae (8.70%) and Cicadidae (8.70%); And for adult males, they were Pheretima (50%); While for juveniles, they were Pheretima (36.59%) and Araneida (14.63%); Food niche breadth was 6.22 for adult males, 3.33 for adult female and 5.74 for juveniles. Food niche overlap between male and female adults was 0.995, for female adults and juveniles was 0.990, while for male adults and juveniles was 0.970. The prey size and diet volume of adults were bigger than juveniles. Moreover, prey size and diet volume was significant difference between adults and juveniles. Prey size and diet volume was not significant related to body size of adults and juveniles.更多还原