【作者】 罗玉红；

【导师】 王晓燕；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】王尔德作品的原型研究

【摘要】 19世纪的英国作家王尔德是文学史上一个较重要的作家,其人生轨迹和文学作品都有着相当大的复杂性。本论文结合王尔德当时的时代背景与个人生活,以他创作的实际情况和有关文本为基础,运用精神分析批评、神话原型批评等理论方法,对作品中的一系列原型进行探索和阐释,以期得出较为客观的、符合实际的结论:王尔德的作品原型是他在多重自我之下的文学想象。论文共分为五个部分。引言部分对王尔德的生平及其作品进行了简单介绍,并梳理了国内外的研究状况,指出王尔德研究的文化研究趋向和多元化趋向。在介绍作家生平作品和前人研究成果的基础上,作者提出论文的基本观点:王尔德把艺术作为一面用以认同和建构自我的镜子,他利用独特的文学原型表达了自己的自我想象。王尔德的个人遭遇也是一个值得探究的文化现象,其文学也包含了诸多时代与社会的信息。第一章主要论述作家自我与身份的矛盾性、复杂性。自我概念本来就具有独特的深奥性,难于言说。加之王尔德生活在特殊的时代、特殊的社会之中,当时“世纪末”心理的滥觞、维多利亚晚期的道德观都对他的身份建构有所影响。并且,王尔德本身的个人身份也很特殊,他是一个生活在伦敦的爱尔兰人、一个有着同性恋癖好的知名作家、一个难以摆脱宗教情结的享乐主义者。这些都造成了他身份的多重化,导致了他自我同一性的危机。作为一个富有创造性和想象力的作家,王尔德借写作来表现自我的复杂性,文学原型即是他宣泄焦虑与平衡心灵的途径。第二章从作品中的一系列重要原型入手,考察王尔德在其中所表现的自我心理内容。具体而言,作品中最有代表性的人物原型有花花公子、那西索斯与基督等。在王尔德与他所创造的人物之间,包含着一系列的互为指涉的可能性,人物形象多多少少带有作家形象的影子。意象原型有月亮、花朵与城市形象等等,它们意蕴深长,是自然界对象的自我化和王尔德自我的对象化,积淀了他的情感与思想。主要的情节、主题原型则有畸形之爱、犯罪或堕落与死亡,它们有着最大的心理真实,正是作家自省自察的窗口。人物、意象和主题原型都从不同的方面,揭示了王尔德独特的自我心理内容。从中,我们可以看出王尔德饱受压抑的复杂自我,他正是借原型展示人格困境、剖析自我,甚至希冀借此获取某种身份,重建心灵秩序,获得自身的确然性和存在感。第三章从王尔德的自我危机出发,系统地论证作品原型的文化内涵、社会意义与文学魅力。首先,它们是王尔德的自我想象,是他生命情感与精神历程的映象,附着了他个人浓厚的精神色彩;其次,可以从王尔德个人及其文学原型来观照19世纪末,他的自我是当时时代精神的一个缩影,他的文学原型也是当时社会文化的一个隐喻。作品原型折射出了时代普遍的精神危机,也反映了同性恋少数群的整体压抑以及身份认同的困境;再次,原型既是有着审美特性的文化基因,也是凸显自我的载体,是个体意识与集体意识的合一。它们在一定程度上提升了文学作品的精神品格,并极大地激发了读者的哲学思考与诗性智慧,因而具有相当大的文学魅力。结语部分与引言呼应,运用文学属于第二符号系统的理论,再次重申论文观点:王尔德的作品原型真实地呈递了19世纪末时代压抑下的人类境遇,展现了作家的身份意识、内心秩序和精神向度,包含了作家自我认识的心理深度和社会意义。其实,文学应该可以是一种自我实践的行为,一个建构自我、发现生命意义的过程。在这个意义上可以说,王尔德的艺术创作也是一种自我关注的实践。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oscar Wilde,the British writer of the 19th century,he is an important writer in literary history,whose both self and works are complicated.This thesis makes researches on a series of archetypes in his works,which takes historical background and personal life into account,uses Pychoanalytic Criticism and Archetypal Criticism,builds an arguable argument on his relevant textes.Then this thesis reaches an objective conclusion:those archetypes in Wilde’s works are his literary imagination out of his own multiple self.The thesis consists of five parts.In Introduction,the author introduces Wilde’s life and works concisely,then clears up domestic and overseas investigative actualities.Increasingly,the recent scholars has inclined to cultural studies and multianalyses.The author of this thesis puts forward a basic viewpoint that Wilde regards art as a mirror that represents himself and achieves self-identity.He gives expression to his imagination of self-expression by particular literary archetypes.Wilde’s personal experience is a cultural phenomenon,which is noticeable and contains much information ahout times and society.Chapter One is on the inconsistency and complexity of Wilde’s self.Living in an especial era,in an especial community,the sentiment of Finde-siecle and the ethics of the late Victorian era exert a great influence on him.He is an Irish inhabiting London,a famous writer with homosexual love,a hedonist with religion complex.These aforementioned factors result in the complicacy of Wilde’s identity and provoke his identity crisis.As a imaginative writer,Wilde expresses himself through composing.The literary archetype is just a means by which he relieves his anxiety and stabilizes his spirit.Chapter Two is about a series of important archetypes in Wilde’s works.In detail,the representative character archetypes contain dandies,Narcissus and Jesus Christ.They are somewhat reflection of Wilde’s self.The moon,flowers and cities,these image archetypes are meaningful,which imply Wilde’s sensation and mentality.The main theme ones are abnormal love,sin or degenerateness and death,which offer Wilde a window on self-examination with great psychological truth.By virtue of all archetypes,Wilde is to show his personal predicament and do self-analysis.He would so much as hope to obtain a sense of self-certainty and reach a regeneration of spiritual order.Chapter Three discusses the function of archetypes.First,these archetypes are out of Wilde’s imagination of his self-expression,through which he shows his feelings and thought.Next, they shed light on the late 19th century.Wilde’s self just is a portrait of time spirit,in the same way,his literary archetypes also metaphorize that time.They reflect a universal psychic crisis of the late 19th century,and besides,they indicate the universal oppression and identity predicament of homosexual minority groups.Afterward,these archetypes possess strong literary attraction.To a certain extent,they raise literary works to a more excellent quality,which can inspire our readers with philosophical thinking and poetic wisdom greatly.In Conclusion,the author repeats the viewpoint established in introduction by the theory that literature belongs to the second symbolic system. The literary archetypes in Wilde’s works present factually the state of being under the circumstances of the late 19th century,manifest Wilde’s self-awareness, inner order and spiritual dimension.Essentially,literature is an action that let people achieve self-realization and find the meaning of life. In this sense, one could say that Wilde’s writing is just a fulfillment of self-attention.更多还原