【作者】 胡志刚；

【导师】 李恩来；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 尼采是人类思想史上最有影响力的大思想家之一,他在价值哲学领域的成就尤为特出。可以说,世界上没有任何一个哲学家比尼采更注重价值问题。尼采一生的奋斗目标就是“重估一切价值”。尼采写的一系列的著作都围绕着价值问题和尼采所认为的传统哲学的最高价值—道德问题展开。可以肯定,尼采对于其他问题的反思,也深受他对价值和道德问题考察的影响。很显然,尼采一生的智力活动,都在追寻价值和道德的中心地位。尼采看到西方传统文明和价值体系的虚伪性,在这样的环境中,人的生命力和本能冲动为传统理性所压抑和扼杀。在尼采眼中,现代道德是一种疾病,萎靡和颓废成了现代人的根本症状。为了解决这一症状,因而“要重估一切价值”,重建新的道德。本文对尼采的价值哲学分三个部分进行了详尽的论述。第一部分论述了尼采价值哲学的价值向度,回顾了价值哲学的历史,从古希腊寻找理论源头,就几种主流的价值哲学作了详尽的论述,并指出了尼采的价值哲学的独特之处。尼采崇尚的是自然主义的道德价值,这是一种尊重生命的道德价值,是强者的道德,借此来高扬和肯定生命的尊严和价值。第二部分对尼采价值哲学的批判维度—重估一切价值进行了细致的论述。尼采首先对宗教价值进行了猛力的批驳,批判了宗教的核心概念—上帝,并对宗教的其他概念也极力批判指出宗教道德价值的虚伪欺骗性。其次批判了传统的道德价值,指出了其对人的生命本能的扼杀,是反人性的。尼采崇尚的是一种自然主义的道德,因为这样的道德给人以振奋,只有这样才能把人从颓废的泥沼中拯救出来,真正地转向人的内心世界,注重人自身的价值和尊严。再次尼采以他的主观主义为武器对实证主义的科学观进行了批判,尼采认为不存在纯粹的科学,它只是权力意志的一种工具,是人们自我保存的工具。尼采不反对科学理性,他只是反对那种把科学当作是绝对真理并把真理作为最高价值的唯科学主义。在第三部分论述了尼采价值哲学的建构。尼采以他的本体论意义上的权力意志对他的价值哲学作了论证,尼采把权力意志当作事物存在的最内在的本质,权力意志的运作本质上是一种价值关系,具有强烈的生命功利性。尼采把权力意志作为标准对基督教道德和传统道德进行了无情颠覆,权力意志论把价值严格放在具体事实之中,使存在成为积极生成的甚至,恢复了“价值创造”的地位,高扬了个性化的超越和创新的生命意义。在尼采从事哲学研究的最初阶段就显示出了他的价值倾向,那就是他的酒神精神,在这种精神状态下,欲望和本能冲动得到了彻底的解放,人从原始的生命力充盈中得到了无限的幸福和快乐,这是一种肯定人生的态度。尼采提出了影响深远的超人学说,其实超人在尼采的眼中是一种人生态度,是一种处世精神,他崇尚每个人都应热爱自身,热爱生命,成为命运的强者。超人的意义在于肯定人的价值,热爱生命,赋予人的情感和本能以极高的价值。尼采最后以他的永恒轮回学说来保证了他的价值哲学的最终实现,肯定了永恒轮回的选育作用,尼采肯定了积极的事物必将再次出现,这洞见了人生的智慧,只有这样,才能激励人钟爱生命,提高生命的力量。可以说,尼采的价值哲学是尼采对哲学的最大贡献,他的“上帝死了”“超人必将出现”等论断发人深省,对传统价值的批判让我们重新看待人生的意义,因而研究尼采的价值大有裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nietzsche is one of the most influential and big thinkers of human history of thought ,and he influences the value philosophy realm particularly profoundly. As it were,Nietzsche pay more attention to the value issue than any other philosopher all over the world. The goal all through his life is to“reevaluate every value”. All of his writings circumfuse the value issue and the highest value of traditional philosophy—ethies issue in his mind. Cerntainly, Nietzsche’s research of other issues is deeply influenced by his view of value issue and ethies issue. Obviously, Nietzsche’s mental activity is searching the central status of value and ethies.Nietzsche found the hypocriticality of the western traditional civilization and value system ,in this condition , human life and instinct were oppressed and snuffed by the traditional sense .In the view of Nietzsche , modern ethies was a diease, decadence and depravation became the fundmental symptom of modern people .In order to reslove this symptom ,Nietzsche reevaluated every value and reconstructed new ethies .This text talks about Nietzsche‘s value philosophy with three parts. The first part discusses the direction of Nietzsche‘s value philosophy, reviews the history of value philosophy,searches for the theory headwaters from the acient Greece and elaborates other main value philosophies and points out the distinction of Nietzsche‘s value philosophy. Nietzsche advorates the naturalistic ethies value. It is a overmatch ethies which respects life. Nietzsche used it to advorate and affirm the respect and value of being.The second part discusses the animadverting aspect of Nietzsche‘s value philosophy-reevalueate every value. Firstly, Nietzsche animadverted the religion value fiercely. He animadverted the core concept of religion-GOD and other religion concepts to indicate the fraudulence of religion ethies value. Secondly,he animadverted the traditional ethies value and pointed out that it snuffed out the human beings appetence and it was anti- humanistic. Nietzsche upholded the naturalistic ethies value because such kinds of ethies inspire persons and only in this way can human beings be saved from the decadent mire, and paid attention to the human being value and dignity. Additionaly, Nietzsche took subjectivism as weapon to animadvert the positivism science concept. Nietzsche thought there was no pure sciense .Science is a tool of the will to power,and it is only a tool used by people of self-conservation. Nietzsche didn’t oppose science sense but the scientism which ragarded sciense as utter truth and science truth as the highest value.The third part discusses the construction of Nietzsche‘s value philosophy. Nietzsche demonstrated his value philosophy with the will to power.Nietzsche took the the will to power as the fundmental essence of the being ,the operation of the will to power is a value relationship in the essence ,It is full of violent vital utility. Nietzsche took the the will to power as a criterion to criticize ruthlessnessly the Christianism ethies and traditional ethies . The doctrine of will to power make being actively inborn, recover the status of“value creation”and uplift the being existing meaning of individuals . Nietzsche showed his value tendency during the forepart phase of his study of philosophy .That is spirit of Dionysus. Under this psychosis,desire and id are released drastically. Human beings get unlimited felicity and happiness from fullness of original life force. This is an attitude which affirms life.Nietzsche advanced his influencial doctrine of Superman ,in fact ,this is a life attitutde and a walk inspirit ,he advocated that everyone must devote themselves and became an overmatch.The meaning of superman is that it affirms life with value and endows the emotion and instinc with high value .At last , Nietzsche used the doctrine of eternal recurrence to gurantee the realize of his value philosophy ,he affirmed the select function of the eternal currence ,he caught sight of the life wisdom through affaimed the postive matter would be reappeared ,then we could encouraged to love life and improve the life force. It’s useful to make research on Nietzsche’s philosophy.As it were, Nietzsche‘s value philosophy is his greatest contribution to philosophy. His judgement such as“GOD is dead”and“the superman will appear certainly”make us think deeply. He animadverts on the traditional value and makes us look on the meaning of lives newly.更多还原