世贸组织服务贸易争端解决机制研究

【作者】 刘婧娜；

【导师】 王绍媛；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 1995年1月1日成立的WTO与以前的GATT相比，一个重要的区别是将服务贸易纳入其调整范围，这是为了满足飞速发展的国际服务贸易所产生的客观现实需要。乌拉圭回合谈判达成的《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)作为世界上第一套调整国际服务贸易的多边原则和规则，在实践中如何理解和适用，确实留下了不少疑问。服务贸易领域的争端由世贸组织争端解决机构和服务贸易理事会受理，但是提请世贸组织解决的服务贸易争端数目却不多。原因可能在于两个方面，一是因为GATS本身的结构特点，将成员的一般义务与具体义务分开，大多数成员“量力”进行具体承诺，对不成熟的服务部门没有进行实质性的开放，因此违反承诺的几率相对小一些；另一方面，作为世界上第一套规制国际服务贸易问题的原则和框架，GATS的各项纪律并不完善，对成员设定的义务在一些方面亦不明确。因此，国际服务贸易在WTO生效后数年间并未成为争端解决的热点，只有少数案件部分涉及到服务贸易的问题。可以预见，随着服务贸易的日趋多元化和飞速发展，并且随着服务贸易领域谈判的纵深进行和服务贸易法律体系的日渐完善，服务贸易领域的争端会不断增多，并更加复杂化。因此，透彻了解服务贸易争端解决机制的主要内容以及服务贸易争端解决的主要法律实体问题十分必要。本文试图就世贸组织服务贸易争端解决机制进行分析，并对服务贸易争端解决过程中出现的主要实体法律问题进行剖析。本文共两个部分：第一部分对世贸组织多边框架下的服务贸易争端解决机制进行剖析，包括服务贸易争端解决的法律依据，争端解决机构，争端解决的程序以及服务贸易争端解决机制与货物贸易解决机制相比较的区别。第二部分就世贸组织多边框架下的服务贸易争端解决过程中出现的主要实体性法律问题进行了分析。这部分的分析渗透了服务贸易领域典型的案例，使分析更加充实和有内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 WTO is established on Jan 1^st , 1995.Comparing with former GATT, WTO has a major difference that it also regulates trade in service. This revision is to satisfy the objective reality needs of high-speeded development of international trade in service. One of the greatest achievements of Uruguay round negotiation is General Agreement On Trade in Service （GATS）. And GATS is the first multilateral principles and rules, which regulate international trade in service, so how to comprehend and put them into practice is really a problem.The disputes of trade in service are submitted to by DSB and committee of trade in service, but disputes of trade in service submitted to WTO are not many. There are maybe two reasons resulting this. One reason is that GATS separates specific duty from general duty of a member. Most members do not open in immature departments. So the probability of violating commitments is very low. The other reason is that the disputes of GATS itself is not perfect, some duties of international trade in service are not the focus, only several disputes are involving trade in service.It can be anticipated that disputes in the field of trade in service will increase gradually and become more complicated as long as trade in service developed at a high speed and negotiations in this field go deeper and deeper and also the law system is becoming considered. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehend the main contents and the key law points, especially important to developing countries including China.The thesis analyses the system of disputes in the field of trade in service and main law points appearing in the process of settlement. There are mainly two parts of this thesis .The first part includes law basis, body of settlement and procedure of solving disputes,also including differences in settlement systems between trade in service and in goods. The second part analyses key law points in the procedure of solving the disputes. And in which way DSB explained the key law points in related cases. This makes the thesis seems to be more convincing and related the practice with theories.更多还原