【作者】 刘丽华；

【导师】 李保国； 齐国辉；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 板栗（Castanea mollissima Blume）是雌雄同株异花植物，雄花数量特别大，雌雄花比例高达1：2400～4400，这些雄花消耗了大量树体营养，严重限制了板栗产量的提高。而雄性不育可降低树体营养消耗、提高产量等，在果树生产和育种中具有重要的应用价值，而关于板栗雄性不育发生机制在国内尚未见报道。为了揭示板栗雄性不育发生机制，以5年生雄性不育板栗品种浮来无花和雄性可育品种大红袍为试材，研究了雄性不育板栗雄花序败育过程中形态特征及形态分化、几种酶活性、MDA含量及内源激素含量的变化，结果如下：1．从形态特征看，雄性不育品种浮来无花雄花序明显短于可育品种，雄花序生长至2.5～4cm时开始变黄，之后萎蔫脱落；而可育品种大红袍的雄花序一直在伸长，能伸长达16cm以上。2．通过采用石蜡切片法，对雄花序形态分化发育进程进行观察和研究的结果表明：板栗雄花分化过程可分为6个阶段，分别为雄花序原基形成期，花簇原基形成期，花朵原基形成期，花被原基形成期，雄蕊原基形成期和花药形成期。雄性不育品种“浮来无花”约比可育品种“大红袍”晚3d进入花簇原基形成期，此期开始表现维管束发育不良；晚3d进入花朵原基形成期，仍然表现为维管束发育不良；花被原基形成期，“浮来无花”维管束细胞排列疏松，“大红袍”维管束细胞排列紧密而清晰；两品种相差4d进入雄花原基形成期；花药形成期“浮来无花”开始出现雄蕊退化，且停止发育，不能形成花粉粒。3．在雄花序发育的8个时期，分别测定了雄性不育板栗品种浮来无花与可育品种雄花序中的SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量的变化。结果表明，在雄花序发育过程中，雄性不育品种雄花序SOD活性一直高于可育品种大红袍，且变化趋势基本一致，均为前期高后期低，雄花序即将脱落的5月24日SOD活性为5月1日SOD活性的93.1％；雄性不育品种POD活性在前期高于可育品种，且在败育雄花序即将脱落时活性显著上升，为大红袍的1.4倍；雄性不育品种CAT活性明显高于可育品种，且两者变化趋势一致；雄性不育品种MDA含量除败育雄花序即将脱落时高于可育品种外，其他时期均明显低于可育品种。活性氧清除系统被破坏可能是导致雄性不育品种雄花序发生败育的生理原因。4．在雄花序发育的8个时期，分别测定了雄性不育板栗品种浮来无花与可育品种大红袍雄花序中的IAA、GA₃、ZT及ABA含量的变化。结果表明，在雄花序发育过程中，雄性不育品种雄花序IAA含量除雄花序刚长出时高于可育品种，其它时期均低于可育品种，在雄花序即将脱落时IAA含量仅为大红袍的8％；雄性不育品种GA₃含量同一时期均高于可育品种，且前期差异显著，后期差异较小；雄性不育品种ZT含量同一时期均明显高于可育品种；雄性不育品种ABA含量同一时期均高于可育品种，且后期差异非常显著，在雄花序即将脱落时ABA为大红袍的44.1倍。在内源激素的平衡方面，除个别时期外，大红袍IAA／ABA比值及GA₃／ABA比值均显著或极显著高于浮来无花，而浮来无花GA₃／IAA比值及ZT／ABA比值均显著或极显著高于大红袍，且变化趋势均不一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chestnut is a king of monoecious and diclinous plant, and its male flowerquantity is specially big, the ratio of female and male flowers is 1:2400～4400. Thesemale flowers used a great deal of nutritions, and this limited the enhancement ofchestnut yield seriously. But male sterility may reduce the consumption of treenutrition and enhance the yield and so on. So male sterility has the importantapplication value in the production of fruit tree and the breeding. But there had notbeen reported about mechanism of chestnut male sterility in domestic. In order tostudy the mechanism of chestnut mail sterile, 5-year-old male sterile variety of’Fulaiwuhua’ and male fertile variety of ’Dahongpao’ were uesd in this study, and thechanges of morphology characters and morphodifferentiation, some protectiveenzymes activities and MDA content, and endogene hormone contents during maleinflorescence abortion were studied. The rusults were so follows:1. The length of male inflorescence of male sterile variety of ’Fulaiwuhua’ wasshorter than that of ’Dahongpao’, and changed yellow when it was 2.5～4 cm,afterwards wilting and fell Off, but male fertile variety of ’Dahongpao’ continuedgrowing and could elongate above 16cm.2. The male inflorescence morpho differentiations were studied by paraffin method.The results showed that the differentiation process can be divided into 6 stages,including formation of the primordium of the male inflorescence, the floral cluster,the dividual floret, the floral envelope, the stamen, and the anther. The floral clusterprimordium period of male sterile variety ’Fulaiwuhua’ was 3d late than that of malefertile variety ’Dahongpao’,and its vascular bundles were maldevelopment; theindividual floret primordium period of ’Fulai Wuhua’ was 3d later than that of’Dahongpao’ and its vascular bundles were still maldevelopment; in the period offloral envelope primordium,the vascular bundle cell arrangement of ’Fulaiwuhua’ wasloosed, and the vascular bundle cell arrangement of ’Dahongpao’ was tightness andclear; the stamen primordium period of ’Fulaiwuhua’ was 4d late than that of’Dahongpao’; stamen of ’Fulaiwuhua’began to degenerate in anther period, stoppeddevelopping and couldn’t form pollen grain.3. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT and the content of MDA of male sterile variety of ’Fulaiwuhua’ and male fertile variety of ’Dahongpao’ were determined during thedevelopment of male inflorescence. The results showed that, the SOD activities ofmail sterile variety were higher than that of male fertile variety and the changetendency was basic consistent and the earlier period was higher than the later periodduring the development of male inflorescence and when the male inflorescence wouldfall off in May 24th the SOD activity was 93.1% times of SOD activity of May 1th;the POD activities of mail sterile variety were higher than that of male fertile varietyat the early stage of male inflorescence development, and rose obviously when themale inflorescence was dropping, and it was 1.4 times of ’Dahongpao’; the CATactivities of male sterile variety were obviously higher than that of male fertile varietyand their changes trend was the same; the MDA contents of mail sterile variety wereobviously lower than that of male fertile variety except the male inflorescence wasdropping. It was suggested that the destroying of active oxygen eliminating systemmight be the physiological reason of male inflorescence abortion.4. The content of IAA, GA₃, ZT and ABA of male sterile variety of ’Fulaiwuhua’ and male fertilevariety of ’Dahongpao’ were determined during the development of male inflorescence. Theresults showed that, the IAA content of mail sterile variety were lower than that of male fertilevariety except the male inflorescence was sprouting during the development of male inflorescenceand when the male inflorescence would fall off the IAA content of ’Fulaiwuhua’ was only 8% of’Dahongpao’; the GA₃ content of mail sterile variety were higher than that of male fertile variety,and there exited significant difference in the early period, but there exied less difference in thelater period; the ZT content of male sterile variety were obviously higher than that of male fertilevariety; the ABA content of male sterile variety were higher than that of male fertile variety, andthere exited significant difference in the later period, when the male inflorescence would fall offthe ABA content of ’Fulaiwuhua’ was 44.1 times of ’Dahongpao’. In endogene hormoneequilibrium aspect, the ratios of IAA/ABA and GA₃/ABA of ’Dahongpao’ were significant or verysignificant higher than that of ’Fulaiwuhua’, and the ratios of GA₃/IAA and ZT/ABA of’Fulaiwuhua’ were significant or very significant higher than that of ’Dahongpao’ exceptindividual time, and the change tendency wasn’t consistent.更多还原