【作者】 张文丽；

【导师】 路金喜；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 水电工程通常是区域性多目标水资源开发项目，可为区域提供发电、防洪、航运、灌溉、供水、水产养殖等方面的综合效益，是国民经济的基础，对人民生产、生活顺利进行发挥着重要作用。然而，水电工程兴建的同时将对区域环境与生态产生深远的影响，其影响涉及的范围广、时间长，影响的环境因素众多。因此，系统研究水电工程环境影响的规律并对其进行科学评价，不仅有助于全面认识工程项目对环境的影响，而且也为区域协调发展提供参考。本文以环境影响评价理论为基础，结合水电工程的特点，对水电工程环境影响评价的理论进行了系统研究，建立了较完善的水电工程环境影响评价指标体系，并对指标的量化处理方法进行了探讨，同时构建了层次分析法和投影寻踪法相结合AHP-PP组合评价模型，并将模型应用于张河湾水电工程的环境影响评价实践中，证实了组合模型的实用性和先进性。主要取得如下研究成果：1、建立了水电工程环境影响综合评价指标体系。在系统分析水电工程环境影响的基础上，确定了水电工程环境影响评价的内容，建立了水电工程环境影响综合评价指标体系。为进一步深入研究水电工程环境影响评价创造了条件。2、指标的量化统一。搜集到的各指标数据并不能直接用于综合评价，这是因为各指标的属性、特征各不相同，没有可比性。因此，综合评价之前需要先对各指标进行标准化处理。对于定量指标，本文建立指标值与环境质量评分值之间的函数关系，通过插值法进行求解。对于定性指标的量化本文采用三角模糊数法，既体现了定性指标的模糊性，同时也可以集结不同专家对该指标的评估意见，以便客观、真实的对指标进行量化处理。3、基于不同方法的环境影响综合评价模型的建立。本文将层次分析法与投影寻踪法通过博弈论思想相融合，建立了基于AHP-PP的水电工程环境影响综合评价模型，既体现了主观经验、判断、知识积累对客观实际的反映信息，又考虑了客观实际数据、资料中包含的规律信息，克服了单一权重的片面性，是一种主客观融合的组合评价方法。为了使结果更具说服力，文中还建立了人工神经网络综合评价模型，印证AHP-PP组合模型的评价结果。4、通过实例应用检验理论及方法的可行性。将本文的理论及评价方法应用到张河湾水电工程，得到了张河湾水电工程环境影响综合评价指数，两种模型所得结果基本一致，验证了模型的合理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The hydropower project is generally the regional exploitation item withmulti-objective of water resources, and provides comprehensive benefits for a region, suchas electricity and water supply, flood-control, shipping, irrigation, aquaculture and so on. Itis the foundation of national economy, and plays an important role in the people’sproduction and livelihood. However, the project construction will also make a profoundenvironmental impact on the region, which usually involves large scope, lasts long time,and affects multitudinous factors. Therefore, carrying on systemic research on the impactwill not only be helpful to know thoroughly about it, but also could provide a scientificreference for the region’s harmonious development. This dissertation researchessystemically on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) theory of hydropower project,basing on the EIA theory and hydropower project’s characteristic. As a result, anevaluation index system is established and the index calculating methods are also discussed.Besides that, an EIA model named AHP-PP model is constructed by combining the twomethods, analytic hierarchy process and the projection pursuit. In the end, the theory andmodel are both applied to EIA of Zhanghewan hydropower project, and the EIA resultsconfirm that the model is feasible and practical. The detailed study is as follows:1. The EIA index system for hydropower project is established. In the precondition ofsummarizing environmental impact of hydropower project, the index system is established,which has laid the foundation for further research on the aspect.2. Methods for unification of indexes are discussed. The collected data of variousindexes can not be used for comprehensive assessment without being unified, because theirattribute and characteristic are different from each other and no comparability betweenthem. To the quantitive indexes, the function between the indexes’ value and theenvironmental quality scores is built, so that their quality scores can be calculated throughlinear interpolation algorithm; and the qualitative indexes are quantified with triangle fuzzynumber method, which could manifest the indexes’ fuzziness, and furthermore, bebeneficial to aggregate the appraisal opinions of different experts.3. Different comprehensive assessment models of environmental impact areestablished. The AHP-PP evaluation model is established by combining the analytichierarchy process (AHP) and the projection pursuit (PP) method on the basis of game theory. The model is better to overcome the one-sidedness than sole weight method,because it can not only manifest the reflection information to the objectivity, such asexperience, judgments and knowledge, and also consider the objective informationincluded in the reality data and laws. Another model, artificial neural networks method, isestablished to verify the applicability and feasibility of AHP-PP model.4. Application of the theory and methods. The environmental assessment theory andmethods are applied into Zhanghewan hydropower project, and the assessment results ofthe two models are consistent with each other, which confirm the two models rationality.更多还原