【作者】 赵斌；

【导师】 周大迈；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物营养生态， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 论文简述了立体多元农业国内外发展近况，以及立体多元农业相关的基本理论与原理。叙述了立体多元农业在提高自然资源利用率、解决农村剩余劳动力、增加经济效益等方面的作用和意义。河流故道作为一个特殊的地貌单元，是历史上河流频繁改道形成，作物种植年限较短，种植结构单一，光、热、水等自然资源利用率较低。文章以河北省河流故道区多元立体种植农业为研究对象，采用实地采样、室内分析、模型应用、优化分析等方法对河流故道区不同立体种植农业模式，进行了生物量、经济效益和优化分析研究，旨在探索出适合河北省河流故道区具有经济效益、社会效益、生态效益的立体种植模式。对潴泷河故道区的安国市果树／药材复合系统研究分析，进行了梨树／紫菀肥料试验，采用D-饱和最优311B设计方案。数据表明：梨树／紫菀复合系统可以提高养分的利用率。可以得到紫菀的合理施肥量N：P₂O₅：K₂O为115.8：292.5：303.5（每公顷），紫菀产量为16049.69kg／hm²。紫菀酮含量测定结果表明，不同施肥水平对紫菀酮含量的影响不显著，复合系统紫菀酮含量0.17％显著高于单作系统0.11％。梨树／防风、梨树／半夏密植试验，寻求最佳种植密度。数据表明，与3年生梨树间作，防风最佳种植株行距15cm×40cm，此时，产量、收获指数、商品指数最高，取得最大经济效益。与14年生梨树间作，半夏最佳种植密度3cm×15cm，此时，产量、收获指数、商品指数最高，经济效益最大，且收获指数与商品指数呈极显著线性相关。林药种植模式中以4年生合欢间作半夏经济效益最高120.6千元／hm²。小麦瓜篓间作比小麦玉米增加效益10.1～13.2千元／hm²，增效率达55.7％～64.7％。玉米天南星间作最佳种植比例为2：6，即种植两行玉米间作六行天南星，经济效益最高。对不同河流故道区不同立体种植模式分别进行经济效益分析，得出增效率：滹沱河故道区赵县粮油模式（大豆／夏玉米）比小麦／玉米增加60.77％；永定河故道区固安县粮油棉模式（棉花／地芸豆／红小豆）比小麦玉米增加64.1％；永清县的果粮模式（梨树／花生）比梨树增加效益48.5％；滦河故道区滦县的粮菜模式（大蒜套种玉米复种大白菜）比小麦玉米增加效益127.6％；棉油模式（棉花／花生）比单一棉花增效32.9％，比单一花生增效60.3％；唐河故道区唐县的粮瓜药模式（西瓜套种菊花间作夏玉米）产投比为3.2：1，经济效益显著。通过对复合系统的光能利用率、能量流和土地利用价值进行分析。数据表明复合系统光能利用率普遍提高了10％-20％；复合系统的产投比（增效率）在65％以上，经济效益较高；土地当量（LER）最高可达2.17，最低1.36。认为LER＞1.30时，土地利用率提高，土地利用价值增加。根据立体农业种植模式评价指标及权重评价方法，对河北省河流故道区现有立体多元种植模式进行优化评价，筛选出60种具有较高经济、生态、社会效益的模式加以推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper described the basic principle and recent advanes of the comprehensivemulti-storied and dimension agriculture. Meanwhile, this paper also disclassed therelationship of the stereo agriculture to raising resource utilization rate; enhancing to takerural surplus labor forces into employment partially, and maintaining the sustainabledevelopment of agricultural production.In this thesis, the comprehensive multi-storied and dimension planting agriculture inAncient River Channel in HeBei province was studied. In order to find patterns of thecomprehensive multi-storied and dimension planting agriculture with economics andenvironment in Ancient River Channel in HeBei province, sampling and analysis wereused to study the status of trends of nutrients accumulating, biomass, economics andoptimized analysis in Ancient River Channel in HeBei province.Through the analysis of fruit/herbal medicine complex system in Zhulong AncientRiver Channel and the pear/Tatar Rootrian Aste fertilizer experiments used D-311Bdesign plans. The data is indicated: Pear/aster tataricus compound system can improve thenutrient utilization rate, but the pear output is not significantly affected. The potassicfertilizer can not compose to experiment field limiting a factor, the best economy beingable to get aster tataricus applies fertilizer expecting that N: P₂O₅: K₂O is115.8: 292.5:303.5, the best economic use of fertilizer can get for 16049.69 kg/hm² of Tatar RootrianAste. The result of shionone indicated that the contents of shionone are not significantlyaffected at different fertilizer lever. The complex system is much higher than Shah assumessystem. Through the density experiments analysis of pear/ sapohshnikovia divaricata,pear/ Pinellia Tuber for harvest index and the value of index, it is known thatsapohshnikovia divaricata spacing maximum 40cm, 15cm x 3cm Pinellia Tuber highest.The higest economic effeciency is the pattern of Silk tree （4）/ Pinellia ternate in thepattern of froest/medical crops. The increased efficiency rate reached 120.6 qianyuan/hm². Compared with wheat maize, Wheat/ Snakegourd Fruit intercropping isbeneficial result more 10.1～13.2 qian yuan/hm² and the increased efficiency amounts to55.7％～64.7％. Maize/Arisaema consanguineum Schott intercropping is optimumcultivate proportion being 2: 6, be that the six lines of Arisaema consanguineum Schott andcultivating two row of maize.The economic efficiency is higest. The economic effeciency is analysis on the different patterns in Ancient River Channeland get the increased efficiency rate: compared with Wheat/maize the pattern of grain andoilbearing crop increases by 60.77％in Zhaoxian County in HuTuo Ancient river Channel;the pattern of grain and oilbearing crop and cotton increases by 64.1％in GuAn County inYongDing Ancient river Channel and the pattern of fruit and grain increases by 48.5％inYongqing County; the pattern of grain and Vegetables increases by 127.6％and the patternof cotton and oilbearing crop increases by 32.9％in Luan County in LuanHe Ancient riverChannel River; the pattern of grain and herbal medicine and guar increases by 68.75％inTang County in TangHe river Ancient Channel, Compared with the single-mode forcost-effectiveness.In this paper, an analysis of each mode is supporting three-dimensionalmulti-planting techniques for reference.Not only the complex systems can increase the land utilization rate, but also can beimproved energy efficiency and nutrient conversion rate. The data indicates compoundsystem efficiency of light energy utilization having improved 10％-20％, the increaseefficiency reaches 65％. LER is the land utilization value, LER calculating theinvestigation pattern data display most is 2.17 and lowest is 1.36. When LER＞1.30 theland utilization rate is improved and land utilization value is increasesde.In this thesis, it optimized 60 patterns to be extended from investigating hundreds ofmodels of the comprehensive multi-storied and dimension planting agriculture in AncientRiver Channel in HeBei province. The pattern has the higher economic efficiency, theecology benefit and the social efficiency. According to the target and the weightappraisalmethods, the conclusion is obtained.更多还原