【作者】 刘君梅；

【导师】 刘占良；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 农业机械化是支撑农业现代化的重要的物质技术力量，是农业现代化的主要标志之一，是强化农业在国民经济发展中的基础地位的重要措施。农业机械化在农业产业结构调整、农村劳动力转移、农村生态环境建设和文化建设等农村小康社会建设诸多方面具有越来越重要的地位和作用。在我国三大粮食作物生产中，玉米的生产手段明显落后于水稻和小麦，玉米生产过程活劳动投入较多，机械化程度低，特别是玉米收获机械化水平很低，成为了我国农业机械化发展的“瓶颈”。河北省是我国玉米主产省份之一，玉米收获机械化发展缓慢，科学分析本省玉米收获机械化的发展形势，把握发展规律，有效推进玉米收获机械化健康快速发展，有利于开创农机化新局面。本文以经济学理论和统计理论与分析为指导，对河北省的玉米收获机械化的发展进行了系统分析，主要研究内容、研究方法及主要结论如下：(1)采用调研和对比分析方法，对玉米收获机械化进行技术经济特征分析。对玉米收获机械化的概念进行了界定，并将小麦收获机械化与玉米收获机械化的技术经济效果进行了对比研究，结论是玉米收获机械化技术是一种替代劳动显著的生产技术，其土地替代作用为隐形的，需要与其他技术和作业环节机械化协调才能显现。(2)运用系统分析方法分析了农业机械化与农民收入的关系，认为二者是一种相互支撑、互为因果的关系。并运用统计分析方法，根据1990—2005年河北省农民人均纯收入和农业机械化作业水平的数据，建立了两者之间的线性关系。借助于农业机械化综合作业水平与玉米收获机械化作业水平之间的关系，结合河北省社会经济发展规划，确定了河北省“十一五”玉米收获机械化发展目标为24.4％。(3)调查总结了现有的玉米收获机械化技术及作业工艺，归纳出联合和分段两种技术模式，并对各种模式的适用条件和技术经济性进行分析，提出玉米收获机械化技术的创新设想，为不同区域探索和合理选择玉米收获机械化技术模式提供指导；采用组织理论和实证的方法对农机经营组织模式和作业组织模式进行研究，并重点研究了跨区作业组织模式、“一条龙”组织模式和产业链组织模式，归纳出创办、扶持和引导农机协会的必要性，在不同发展阶段采用不同的作业组织模式的结论。(4)根据河北省玉米收获机械化发展处于初步发展阶段的现状，提出区域非平衡发展的发展思路，并综合评价了玉米收获机生产企业周边县市的发展条件，提出以北部的三河市、中部的正定和藁城与南部的宁晋为率先发展的县市，力争在该县市突破，在发展中探索出适合本省玉米收获机械化区域特点的技术模式和组织模式，为全省树立样板。(5)采用系统分析的方法，对河北省玉米收获机械化发展条件进行分析，并选择了9个反映发展条件的统计指标；运用SPSS统计分析软件，采用因子分析法和R型聚类法，对河北省78个平原县市进行区域划分，划分了3种类型区域，并根据对各区域的特点分析，提出了一年两熟地区“第Ⅰ类地区加快发展，第Ⅱ类地区加强推广示范，第Ⅲ类地区迂回发展”的区域发展策略。研究表明，玉米收获机械化是一种替代劳动明显的生产技术，同时可取得显著的社会环境效益。在农村经济发展水平不高的情况下，这种技术要获得广泛采用，需要政府财政的大力支持，同时，要采取对农村劳动力进行就业培训等积极的措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural mechanization is the material support, one of central symbols of agriculturemodernization, and it is important measure, which can strengthen the agriculture in thenational economics. Agricultural mechanization has a vital role in the adjustment ofagricultural structure, the shift of rural labor force, the construction of countrysideecological environment and the reconstruction of cultural etc. In the three big cropsproduction of China, the means of production of corn falls behind obviously the rice’s andthe wheat’s, and human labor is invested much in the process, so the level of corn harvestmechanization is lowest, and it have become the bottle-neck of agricultural mechanizationin China. Hebei Province is one of corn host produces provinces in China, and itsdevelopment speed is slow, therefore, analyzing scientifically its situation, graspingthe lawof development, would speedup its health development and initiate a new condition of thefarm machinery.The development of Hebei’s corn harvest mechanization was analyzed, taked theeconomic theory and the statistical analysis method as the instruction, and the maincontents, techniques and conclusions were as follows:(1) The corn harvest mechanization was analyzed from the technical and economicalcharacteristic, with the inquisitional and contrastive method. The concept of corn harvestmechanization was limited. By comparing with the wheat harvest mechanization, it wasconcluded that corn harvest mechanization is remarkable labour substitution, and its landsubstitution function was recessive, if its land substitution function is appear, coordinationof other technical work would be needed.(2) The relationship between agricultural mechanization and farmer income was analyzedin systemic method, and it was concluded that they were the cause and effect relationship.Used the data of farmer net income per person and the level of agricultural mechanizationfrom 1990 to 2005, a linear relation was established between both. With the aid of therelationship between the level of agricultural mechanization and the level of corn harvestmechanization, according to social economy development plan in Hebei Province, thetarget of 24.4% was determinedlin Hebei Province.(3) The existing corn harvest mechanization technology and work craft wereinvestigated, and summarized two kinds of technical patterns, unites and partitions. By analysis the suitable condition and the technical efficiency of each kind of patterns, thetechnology innovation plans of corn harvest mechanization were proposed, which couldprovide the instruction for the different region exploration and the reasonable choice.Using the organization theory and the real diagnosis method, the operation scheme patternand the work organization pattern of farm machinery were studyed, especially theorganization pattern of cross area work, ’a dragon’ and industrial chain. It was concludedthat the farm machinery associations needed to originate, support and guide, and thedifferent organization patterns were used in the different development phase.(4) According to the corn harvest mechanization being preliminary development phase,the region non-balanced development strategy was proposed. Evaluated the developmentcondition of county citys, which lie in the corn harvester production enterprise periphery inHebei province, a conclusion was made that Sanhe in the north, Zhengding and Gaoyang inthe middle, Ningjin in the south should be taken as the leading development county, andthese countys should take the lead in breaking through, explores the technical pattern andthe organization patternin suiting the development of corn harvest mechanization in theseprovinces, and set up model for entire province.(5) With the systemic view, the development conditions of corn harvest mechanizationin Hebei Province were analyzed, and nine Stat. indexs were choosed. Used the software ofSPSS, seventy-eight countys in Hebei Province were divided into three different types withthe factor analytic method and the R cluster law. According to the characteristic of differentregions, the developing strategy for the different regions was raised, that the first typeshould speed up the development, the second type enhance promotion demonstration andthe third type should use the circuitous strategy.It was indicated that corn harvest mechanization was one kind of production technology,which was primarily labour substitution, and also obtained the remarkable socialenvironment benefit. The development level of rural economy is not high at present. If thekind of technology would be widespreadly applied, the government finance support andthe employment training for the rural labor force were needed,更多还原