【作者】 李丽丽；

【导师】 张绍杰；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 指示类言语行为是说话人要求听话人做出某种行动的言语行为,是日常话语活动中极其常见而且重要的言语行为类型。由于指示类言语行为目的是使听话人做出某种活动,所以从本质上讲是一种威胁听话人面子的言语行为。在实际交往过程中,为了维持良好的人际关系,说话人往往倾向于选用间接的交际策略实施指示类言语行为;另一方面,与维持良好社会关系相比,在实施命令、威胁、禁止等指示类言语行为时,人们更重视这类言语行为的效果,因此一些有助于达到这一目的的策略便成为说话人的选择。由于文化背景和时代背景不同,人们对于实施指示类言语行为的策略、实现方式必然有不同的选择。新文化运动发生在二十世纪初,是中国历史上的一次伟大变革,对中国社会产生了深远影响。著名作家巴金原创、剧作家曹禺改编的剧本《家》正是在这样的历史和社会背景下完成的,而剧中的高家可以说是新文化运动后中国社会的缩影。本文通过对剧本《家》中的指示类言语行为进行了分析,主要涉及到此类行为的策略选择、类型分布、实现方式、影响实施指示类言语行为的社会因素。用于实施指示类言语行为的策略类型是直接型(82%)。至于间接策略的应用,文章中的指示类言语行为是用反问句来实现的,但是我们都知道反问句有加强语气的作用,所以作者认为间接性和礼貌原则的关系仍有待商榷。根据收集的语料,文章对指示类言语行为策略、类型分布进行了分类并就社会权利、社会距离等社会因素对指示类言语行为策略的选择进行了分析。总之,策略类型选择、指示类言语行为实现方式、社会因素的内涵等因素具有民族性、地域性和时代性,我们应该根据文化、社会背景、地域、时代等的不同对此进行归纳和总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 A wide range of studies indicate that strategies are needed in the performance of directives to maintain a comfortable rhythm for conversation due to its face-threatening nature. This paper argues that greater consideration needs to be given to the strategy preference and realization patterns and some situations in which a certain directives, like orders, threats etc. are performed, the maximizing of the illocutionary forces are needed to urge the hearer(s) to act for the illocutionary and perlocutionary effects are far more significant than politeness.Owing to different social backgrounds and cultural backgrounds, speakers are likely to adopt different strategies. The new culture movement, which occurred in the early 1920s, was a big revolution in the history of China. Created by Ba Jin and adapted by Cao Yu, the play, the Family was about the Gao family, a miniature of China. Thus, the play was carefully examined and the directives grouped and analyzed.The most preferred strategies are direct strategies taking up 82%, among which the mood derivable is the most frequently used, which is quite similar to Malcolm Skewis (2003). As for the indirect strategies used, rhetorical questions are used to realize the directives, which seems maximizing the imposition, thus, the relationship between indirectness and politeness appears to be inclusive. Then, the cases, age, gender and institutionalized role within the family of power, together with social distance are assumed and further accounted for. It is concluded that cultures vary in their attitudes towards strategy types, strategy preference, cases of power, etc.更多还原