【作者】 王亮；

【导师】 张璘；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 增词和减词是人们常用的翻译技巧，但是国内有关这两种翻译技巧的理论研究相对较少，主要集中在描述和归纳什么时候可以使用增词(减词)或者可以增加(删减)哪些类型的词等方面。国外一些研究者从信息冗余理论、成分分析法以及格语法等角度为增词和减词提供理论依据，但是也存在着一定的不足之处。本文以由姚斯和伊瑟尔为代表的接受理论的相关原理为基础，试从文学文本自身结构出发，通过对文本结构的分析为翻译中为什么需要或者必须采用增词和减词这两种策略提供理论依据。接受理论在我国翻译领域的研究和运用大都突出了该理论与以往翻译理论的区别——将接受者(包括译者和译文读者)作为重点，而忽视了接受美学家对文本自身的研究。伊瑟尔在其《阅读活动——审美反应理论》一书中就对文学文本本身进行了细致的探讨。他认为文学文本自身只是一个充满了无数未定之处的图式化框架，召唤读者(接受者)的参与。在伊瑟尔看来，没有读者参与的文本是未完成的，文本的实现就依赖于读者与文学文本之间的对话。读者参与的过程被接受美学家称之为具体化。也就是说，文学文本自身的结构召唤读者对之进行具体化。笔者认为具体化的过程正是读者对文学文本再创造的过程，再创造就意味着读者对文本进行合理的增减。当然，作为原语文本读者的译者在阅读的过程中也会对原语文本进行具体化，他对原语文本所做的具体化必然会在译语文本中得以体现，其表现形式就是增词和减词。本文以名著《傲慢与偏见》为例，指出了构成文学文本召唤结构的四个主要未定之处：语音未定之处，语义未定之处，语法未定之处和文化未定之处，论证了译语文本中的增补与删减正是译者对原语文本具体化之后，而在译语文本中的部分体现。此外，通过对《傲慢与偏见》四个中文译本的分析，指出了不同译者由于期待视野的差异，对同一未定之处的具体化可以是多样的(也就意味着同一原语文本的不同译本中出现的增补与删减是因译者而异的)。最后，笔者指出译者期待视野中，文学能力与文化能力在翻译中起着尤为突出的作用，决定着增词和减词的合理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Amplification and omission are techniques so frequently employed that most translators take them for granted, without bothering why those techniques can/should be used. Meanwhile, rationale for amplification and omission provided by a few overseas researchers is not fully convincing. With a view to provide a better answer, this thesis adopts reception theory and probes the issue from text itself.Text, in the eyes of receptionists, is by no means definite; it is a schematic formation with various indeterminate areas. Indeterminacy appeals to readers, and invites their participation, thus creating a dialogue between text and readers. Realization of text just depends on the interaction between text and readers. During the interaction, readers concretize text itself, and yield a partly realized text. Briefly speaking, indeterminacy in text structure calls for readers’ concretizing. Author of this thesis suggests the process of concretizing is readers’ re-creation of text, which means appropriate addition and subtraction. Translators, special readers, do concretization, too while reading source text, and then they transfer partly concretized source text into target text, preserving traces of concretization—addition and subtraction. Addition and subtraction, in translated version, take the form of amplification and omission.This thesis further illustrates four major types of indeterminacy—phonological indeterminacy, semantic indeterminacy, grammatical indeterminacy and cultural indeterminacy with examples from Austen’s masterpiece Pride and Prejudice. Four translated versions of the novel provide vivid evidence that amplification and omission are products of concretization. Furthermore, it points out that due to diverse horizons of expectations, different readers’ concretization to the same text may be various. Appropriate concretization (amplification and omission), to a great extent, relies on literary and cultural competences, two dominant elements among horizon ofexpectations.更多还原