【作者】 李伟海；

【导师】 张洪程； 许轲；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2005-2006年在江苏省宿迁市皂河镇进行。以优质中筋小麦淮麦19和优质强筋小麦烟农19为供试材料,在淮北地区土壤肥力有明显差异的三块田(分别为高肥、中肥、低肥田)上研究了氮、磷、钾肥配方及施肥水平对小麦产量、品质和肥料利用的影响。主要研究结果如下:1、高肥田每公顷施氮肥202.5kg、磷肥90kg、钾肥135kg,中肥田每公顷施氮肥270kg、磷肥90kg、钾肥135kg,低肥田每公顷施氮肥337.5kg、磷肥90kg、钾肥135kg的施肥配方,子粒产量最高并有利于协调两个品种高产与淀粉品质最优;随着土壤肥力下降,淮麦19和烟农19子粒产量下降,淀粉品质、湿面筋、蛋白质等主要品质指标均呈现变差的趋势。2、高、中肥田上施氮、磷、钾肥水平及低肥田上施氮水平与两个品种的产量变化均表现为随施肥量上升,产量提高,超过一定临界值后增施肥料产量下降,二者呈开口向下的二次曲线关系。低肥田施磷、施钾水平与两个品种的产量均表现为随施肥量上升产量提高。通过拟合方程求得,在高肥田上获得最高产量的适宜氮、磷、钾肥施用量淮麦19为237.28、85.42、130.67kg/hm2,烟农19为250.23、84.43、137.95kg/hm2;中肥田淮麦19为252.34、93.00、146.87kg/hm2,烟农19为270.63、88.77、149.34kg/hm2;低肥田淮麦19为314.01、90~135、135~202.5kg/hm2,烟农19为330.91、90~135、135~202.5kg/hm2。3、高、中、低肥三类田上随施氮量增加,淮麦19和烟农19总淀粉及直链淀粉含量先降后升,湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量和沉降值直线上升,容重直线下降。施氮对于小麦粉RVA谱特征值无规律性的调节作用。4、在一定范围内增施磷肥提高了淮麦19和烟农19淀粉粘度特性中的峰值粘度和稀懈值,降低了糊化温度;随着施磷量增加,高、中肥田上两个品种的总淀粉及直链淀粉含量先降后升,低肥田则呈直线下降趋势;高、中肥田上淮麦19湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量和沉降值先升后降,低肥田上直线上升。高、中、低肥三块田两品种容重直线下降;随施磷量增加,三块田上烟农19湿面筋、蛋白质含量直线上升,高、中肥田上沉降值先升后降,低肥田沉降值直线上升。5、增施钾肥能提高小麦淀粉粘度特性中的峰值粘度和稀懈值,在低肥田上施钾对于小麦淀粉粘度特性的调节因品种而有所差异;随施钾量增加,高、中肥田淮麦19和烟农19的总淀粉及直链淀粉含量先降后升,低肥田上则呈直线下降趋势;三块田上淮麦19湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量和容重直线上升。高肥田沉降值先升后降,中、低肥田直线上升。高、中、低肥三块田上烟农19湿面筋含量直线上升。高、中肥田蛋白质含量、沉降值先升后降,低肥田上则直线上升。6、在高、中、低肥三类田上施氮均能提高淮麦19和烟农19各个时期植株体内的氮、磷、钾含量以及植株对氮、磷、钾肥的吸收、积累量和氮素利用率,但是过高的氮肥施用量也会导致各个时期植株体内氮、磷、钾含量以及植株对氮、磷、钾肥的吸收、积累和氮素利用能力下降,两个品种高、中、低肥田这一临界值均分别为施氮肥202.5、270、337.5kg/hm2;高、中肥田随磷肥、钾肥施用量的提高两个品种植株体内的氮、磷、钾含量以及植株对氮、磷、钾肥的吸收、积累量和氮素利用率呈先升后降的趋势,两个品种的临界值均分别为施磷肥90 kg/hm2、施钾肥135 kg/hm2,低肥田两个品种植株体内的氮、磷、钾含量以及植株对氮、磷、钾肥的吸收、积累量和氮素利用率随磷肥、钾肥施用量增加呈直线上升的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experimentation was carried out at Zaohe town of Suqian city in Jiangsu province. With Huaimai19 (medium gluten wheat)and Yannong19 (strong gluten wheat)as materials, effects of fertilization formula and level on wheat yield、quality and fertilizer utilization under different soil fertility were studied at Huaibei area.The main experimental results showed as follows.1、The suitable fertilization fomula that avail to harmonize high-yield and high-amylum-quality of two varieties were: nitrogenous fertilizer(N,the same as follows)202.5kg/hm2、phosphorous fertilizer(P,the same as follows)90kg/hm2、potassic fertilizer(K,the same as follows)135kg/hm2 at high fertility soil(H-F-S,the same as follows);N270kg/hm2、P90kg/hm2、K135kg/hm2 at middle fertility soil(M-F-S,the same as follows);N337.5kg/hm2、P90kg/hm2、K135kg/hm2 at at low fertility soil(L-F-S,the same as follows).With the soil fertility descending,grain yield of two varieties become lower,the amylum-quality、wet gluten、protein and other primary quality index of wheat become worse.2、It was a quadratic regression equation between yield and fertilization level at H-F-S、M-F-S and the application of N at L-F-S of two varieties,With the application of fertilizer increasing the grain yield increased,but the yield going down when the application of fertilizer exceed a critical numerical value.With the application of P、K at L-F-S increasing,yield of two varieties enhance duratively.Though equation operation,the results shows that, the suitable N、P、Kfertilization amount to achieve top yield for two varieties were: 237.28、85.42、130.67kg/hm2 for Huaimai19 and 250.23、84.43、137.95kg/hm2 for Yannong19 atH-F-S; 252.34、93、146.87kg/hm2 for Huaimai19 and 270.63、88.77、149.34kg/hm2 for Yannong19 at M-F-S; 314.01、90~135、135~202.5 kg/hm2 for Huaimai19 and 330.91、90~135、135~202.5 kg/hm2 for Yannong19 at L-F-S.3、With the application of N increasing at three kinds of different fertility soils,the amylum and amylose content of wheat grain of two varieties play down originally then increase,the wet gluten content、protein content and sedimentation volume of two varieties mounting up duratively,but the grain test weight decreasing duratively.The application of N does orderlinessless accommodate effect to the RVA eigenvalue of wheat flour of two varieties.4、With the application of P increasing,the peak viscosity and breakdown of RVA eigenvalue of wheat flour of two varieties increase,the peak tempreture decrease;the amylum and amylose content of two varieties play down originally then mount up at H-F-S and M-F-S,which decreasing duratively at L-F-S;the wet gluten、protein content and sedimentation volume of Huaimai19 go up originally then play down at H-F-S and M-F-S,which going up duratively at L-F-S. With the application of P increasing,the grain test weight of two varieties play down duratively at three kinds of different fertility soils;the wet gluten、protein content of Yannong19 increase duratively,the sedimentation volume go up originally then decrease at H-F-S and M-F-S which increase duratively at L-F-S.5、With the application of K increasing, the peak viscosity and breakdown of RVA eigenvalue of wheat flour of two varieties increase,the influence to RVA eigenvalue at L-F-S are different between two varieties. With the application of K increasing, the amylum and amylose content of two varieties play down originally then mount up at H-F-S and M-F-S which decreasing duratively at L-F-S; the wet gluten、protein content and grain test weight of Huaimai19 go up duratively at three soils;the sedimentation volume increase originally the decrease at H-F-S which go up duratively at M-F-S and L-F-S;the wet gluten content of Yannong19 increase duratively at three soils,the protein content and sedimentation volume of Yannong19 increase originally then play down at H-F-S and M-F-S which increase duratively at L-F-S.6、It was a quadratic regression equation between fertilizer uptake and N utilization of wheat plant and fertilization level at H-F-S、M-F-S and the application of N at L-F-S of two varieties,With the application of fertilizer increasing the fertilizer uptake and N utilization of wheat plant increase.When the applicaition amount exceed a critical numerical value,the fertilizer uptake and N utilization becoming worse.The experimention shows that the critical numerical value were:N202.5、270、337.5kg/hm2 at H-F-S、M-F-S and L-F-S;P90 kg/hm2、K135 kg/hm2 at H-F-S and M-F-S.The fertilizer uptake and N utilization and of wheat plant increase duratively at L-F-S with the application of P、K increasing.更多还原