论信用缺失及其法律规制的民法分析

【作者】 陈晓珺；

【导师】 蔡宝刚；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 民商法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 信用一词是一个可以从伦理、经济、社会、法律等多视角界定的多义词,具有丰富的内涵。目前学术界大多从伦理、经济方面着手对信用的研究,也有一部分法学学者针对信用权的建立做了一定的研究,但鲜有学者从民事法律体系整体来对信用问题作必要的阐述。从实践上来看,现代市场经济是以信用交易为主的信用经济,良好的信用关系是市场经济的命脉和基础。种种现象表明,我国社会生活的各个领域均出现了不同程度的信用缺失现象,诸多方面的信用危机已经凸显。信用的缺失对于经济、社会和法治的建设有着不可估量的危害。为了保护交易主体的合法权益,维护社会经济秩序,促进市场经济健康有序的发展,利用各种力量来治理信用缺失问题已经成为我国的当务之急。基于法律是信用的保障,信用缺失问题不仅仅是一个道德问题,更是一个深层次的法律问题。在运用法律手段规范信用时,民法是最基础的法律。现阶段我国民事法律对于信用的保护存在着许多的不足之处,如何进一步的完善民事法律对信用缺失的规制有着重要的理论与实践意义。本文正是基于此而产生。全文共分三个部分:第一部分,首先从信用产生的历史演变路径出发,主要运用概念分析法和历史分析法,通过对伦理学、经济学意义上信用涵义的比较,重点阐明了法律视角信用之涵义,并运用实证分析法阐述了信用对于社会和法律的意义以及反映在我国各领域信用缺失现象的表现;第二部分着重从法律运行的层面,即法律创制、法律适用、法律遵守三个方面剖析了信用缺失的法律原因;第三部分是信用缺失的法律规制。基于民法的功能和信用的价值,民法无疑要对信用进行调整,而且民法调整信用应当从整个民事法律体系的完善出发。在这部分里提出了民事信用法律应当以自由平等、公平正义、诚实信用作为其价值取向。在民事信用法律的构建中,笔者分析了我国当前民事法律对信用调整的现状及不足,认为应当在我国未来的《民法典》中明确信用权的内容、信用侵权的构成要件以及信用侵权的损害赔偿范围。在债权法方面应重点完善《合同法》和《担保法》在信用保护层面的不足。另外,随着《物权法》的出台,可以说对于信用缺失的治理有了更加完善的法律保护措施,从《物权法》对财产权的确认以及物权公示制度的确立这两个方面着手论述了《物权法》对信用的保护的成功之处及存在的不足之处。在评析不足的基础上提出了我国民法如何调整信用的立法建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Credit is one word that have rich connotation from many stable visual angle boundary polysemous words such as ethics, economy, society, law. At present the academic circles mostly from ethics, the economical aspect begins to the credit research, also some part of legal science scholar has done certain research in view of the credit right, but rarely have a scholar to assume necessary expounding from civil legal system coming the entirety to credit. Come up from practice, the modern marketing economy is based on credit trades, good credit relations are the marketing economy’s life and the foundation. A variety of phenomenon is indicated that e ach our country social life fields have appeared equally to varying degrees the lack of credit, a lot of aspect credit crisis is already protruding .The credit flaw regarding the economical, social and the government bylaw construction has the inestimable harm. In order to protect the legitimate right of the trade men ,defend society economic order, promote healthy development of market economy order, governing the credit flaw question using each kind of strength already become the urgent matter of our country . Basing on the law is the credit’s safeguard; the credit flaw question is not merely a moral question, but also a deep-level legal matter. During the law means, civil law is the basis law. The present stage our country civil law has quite deficiency regarding the credit protection, how does the further consummation civil law have the important theory and the practice significance to the credit transaction rules and regulations. This article is precisely based on this.The thesis falls into three chapter: In chapter one, starting from origin and history of the credit, through the comparison of ethics, economic significance, this chapter has expounded finally within civil and commercial laws scope. Elaborated the credit regarding social and the legal significance, along as the manifestation which reflected in various fields of our country by the method of cause study; the second chapter emphasizes the movement of the law, namely formulating of the law, applying of the law, observing of the law. This chapter delineates the Legal reason of the credit lack; the third chapter is the legal regulations for credit lack. Based on civil law function and credit value, the Civil law ought to carry on the adjustment to the credit without to doubt, the adjustment to set off from entire civil legal system’s improving and perfecting. This chapter proposes that civil credit law ought to choose free -equal, impartial-justice, honest credit as its value orientation. In constructing of civil credit law, the author has analyzed the situation and the insufficiency that the present adjustment of civil law to the credit in our country. The author think that the coming“Civil code”should explicit the content of“credit right”, legal requirements upon infringing behaviors against credit right , scope of compensation for damages .In the field of debt law ,it should emphatically perfect the insufficiency of“Contract law”and“Guarantee law”. Besides, along with the appearing of "Reality of law", it may say government upon credit lacks will have more perfect legal protecting measure .The Author sets about comment on confirmation of the ownership property and making public system, then make an inquiry into the success and deficiency which the "Reality of law" has on credit protecting .Based on the evaluation of insufficient, the author proposes the suggestion on legislation how our Civil law adjust credit.更多还原