【作者】 盛沛；

【导师】 袁继祖；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 超强吸水性复合材料是一类功能高分子交联物，分子网络所吸收的水分不能被简单的物理方法挤出，有很强的吸水和保水性能。它具有吸水量大和保水性强两大特点，它可以吸收比自身重量高几百到几千倍的水，而且所吸入的水在适当的压力下也不会被挤出。但单纯的高分子超强吸水性复合材料存在着材料成本高、凝胶强度低、保水性能差，使用后生物降解性差等缺陷。这就大大限制了其应用。我国粘土资源丰富，廉价易得。在制作高吸水性复合材料的时候加入一定量的粘土矿物进行聚合不仅可以提高产品的保水性，耐盐性，对产品的吸盐水率也有大大的提高，同时也大大的降低了生产成本，对其在防沙治沙、农林业的应用拓宽了道路。本文采用水溶液聚合法，并用微波聚合，对绢云母型高吸水性复合材料、膨润土型高吸水性复合材料和膨润土／绢云母1∶1型高吸水性复合材料三种高吸水性复合材料的制备和性能进行了比较系统的试验研究。研究了粘土加入量，引发剂用量，丙烯酰胺用量，中和度，交联剂用量对材料吸水倍率的影响，试验推导出了绢云母型，膨润土型和绢云母／膨润土1∶1型高吸水性复合材料的最佳实验工艺条件。实验结果表明，对于绢云母型高吸水性复合材料吸自来水倍率最高为324.5g／g，吸盐水倍率最高为103.5g／g。对于膨润土型高吸水性复合材料吸自来水倍率最高为430.1g／g，吸盐水倍率最高为68.4g／g。试验表明，绢云母型高吸水性复合材料抗盐性能好，膨润土型高吸水性复合材料吸水性能高。因此，试验研究了膨润土和绢云母1∶1混合型高吸水性复合材料，实验结果表明，此复合材料吸自来水倍率最高为401.7g／g，吸盐水倍率最高为80.4g／g。不仅保持了高吸水性的特点，而且吸盐水倍率也有所提高，比单一粘土型高吸水性复合材料性能更加优越。加入膨润土可提高其吸水保水能力，加入绢云母又可提高抗盐性，增加土壤的钾肥效，是一种更为理想的防沙治沙、农园林吸水保水材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 The super absorbent polymer is a kind of function marterial, the mater absorbed by it can not squeeze out by the simple physical method, it has a strong property of absoring and maintaining mater. It can absorb more than several hundreds to several thousands times of water of its ownweight, and the water can not squeeze out under the suitable pressure. But the pure super absorbent polymer cost high, the gelatin intensity is low, the water retention property bad. This has greatly limited its application.The clay resource is abundance in our country. Joining some clay when manufacturing the super absorbent polymer can enhance the property of salt-resistent and maintaining water. It also highly reduced the cost of this marterial, it helps the application in agriculture and prevention sand.This article used the method of the solution polymerization, and polymerized by the microwave to prepare and study the sericite/super absorbent polymers、bentonite/super absorbent polymers and the sericite, bentonite (1: 1) /super absorbent polymers. Studied the influence of the quantity of the clay, initiator, crosslinking agent, neutralization degree of acrylic acid and acrylamide. The experiment inferred the best experimental craft condition of the sericite/super absorbent polymers, bentonite/super absorbent polymers and the sericite, bentonite (1: 1) / super absorbent polymers.The experimental result indicated that, the sericite/super absorbent polymer can attracts the running water percentage most to 324.5g/g, the salt water percentage most to 103.5g/g. The bentonite/super absorbent polymer can attracts the running water percentage most to 430.1g/g, the salt water percentage most to be 68.4g/g. The experiment indicated that, the sericite/super absorbent polymer has the better property of salt-resistent, the bentonite/super absorbent polymer has the better property of absoring water.Therefore, the experimental studied the sericite, bentonite (1: 1) / super absorbent polymers. The experimental result indicated that, this material absorbs the running water percentage most to 401.7g/g, attracts the salt water percentage most to 80.4g/g. Not only maintained the high property of absoring running water, moreover attracts the salt water percentage also to have the enhancement, so it is more superior than the Sole clay/super absorbent polymer. Joining the bentonite can enhance its absoring water property, joining the sericite can enhance the property of salt-resistent and increase soil fertilizer effectiveness, it is a kind of more idealmaterial in pernvent the sands, agricultural.更多还原