【作者】 张铭；

【导师】 王勇；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 屋顶绿化对增加城市绿地面积、改善人类生存环境、美化城市环境、提高生活质量及改善生态效应有着极其重要的意义。本文对屋顶绿化的发展、作用、意义及存在的问题进行了分析，提出并研究了一种供屋顶绿化用复合基体材料及与之相适应的绿化植物。包括以下四个方面的内容：(1)探讨两种不同合成工艺对脲醛树脂物理性能的影响。结果表明，传统的弱碱～弱酸～弱碱工艺合成的脲醛树脂稳定性较好，胶接强度好，但游离甲醛含量难以控制，且能耗高；而强酸低温的强酸～弱酸～弱碱工艺合成的脲醛树脂的游离甲醛含量低，能耗低，但同时羟甲基含量降低，树脂的粘合性能下降。红外与差热分析表明强酸～弱酸～弱碱工艺合成的脲醛树脂中含有一定量的Uron环，而弱碱～弱酸～弱碱工艺合成的脲醛树脂中含有更多的羟甲基。(2)探讨了不同改性剂(聚乙烯醇、糠醛、硫脲)以及它们组成的复合改性剂对脲醛树脂性能的影响，并通过傅立叶红外光谱和差热分析对树脂的结构与性能进行了表征。研究结果表明，当聚乙烯醇加入量为尿素总量的1％，糠醛加入量为甲醛加入的摩尔总量的6％，硫脲加入量为尿素总量的1％时，与未加任何改性剂在相同条件下合成的树脂相比，游离甲醛从0.43％下降到0.056％；耐沸水时间从28min增加到121min；贮存24h后粘度增长从+24降低为+3，树脂的粘度也从22.3s增大到26.9s。红外光谱表明各种改性剂均参与了脲醛树脂的合成反应且形成共聚物，改变了树脂的微观结构而达到了改善树脂宏观性能的作用；同时TG-DSC表明糠醛在一定程度上提高了脲醛树脂的耐热性能。(3)采用机械发泡法对脲醛树脂进行了发泡，结果表明，当采用十二烷基苯环酸钠作为发泡剂且浓度为8g／L；发泡体系温度为20～30℃；树脂粘度为20～30s；固化体系为20％磷酸、30％的磷酸二氢钾、10％草酸的混合物时，可以得到泡孔结构均匀，大小合适的泡沫脲醛高分子化肥粘接剂，具有一定了的粘度，能够很好的对棕榈叶鞘纤维进行粘接而制成复合材料种植基体。实验通过用浓度为2％碱液将棕榈叶鞘纤维处理后与泡沫脲醛树脂进行粘接，并对其显微结构进行了分析，结果表明处理后的纤维与泡沫脲醛树脂具有更好的粘接效果。(4)通过选择的景天科植物佛甲草在复合材料基质上的种植，结果表明，脲醛树脂泡沫胶粘剂／棕榈叶鞘纤维复合材料是一种供佛甲草生长的良好基体材料。该绿化体系适合于在屋顶等进行绿化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The roof greening as one kind of late-model greening ways will become more popular in the future. The roof greening have extremely important significance to improving the organism’s habits effect. Increasing urban green land, improves the human being living environment, improve housing conditions of the people, enhance the quality of human being life, and beautifying the urban environment. This paper based on the large amount of relevance document, the development, effect and significance of roof greening are analyzed and discussed. One kind composite for roof afforestation’s using and the afforestation plant that adapts to matrix materials had brought forward and studied. According to the experiments that plant cultivate in the composite materials matrix, we know the composite materials and plant are adapt to the greening of roof in the city, is one kind of ideal roof afforests system. This paper includes four aspects as the follow:(1) The effects of synthesize process to the physical performances were studied. The research result indicated that: Urea-formaldehyde resins have better stability and good adhesiveness strength, but the content of free formaldehyde and the consumption of energy are high relatively when synthesized by traditional weak alkali-weak sour-weak alkali craft. The main characteristics of the UF resin produced by a strong sour weak-sour weak-alkali craft in the synthesize condition of strong sour and low temperature was that: The free formaldehyde content and the consumption of energy were low, but the methylol content was lower and the adhesiveness descended in the meantime. FTIR and DTA show that the UF resin synthesized by sour weak-sour weak-alkali craft has some content Uron cycle structure, and the UF resin synthesized by have more content of methylol.(2) The effect of different modifiers (PVA, furfural, thiourea), and their compound modifier to urea -formaldehyde resin performance parameters were studied, and the structure and properties of UF resin were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis. The results showed: UF resins have the better performances than synthesized with no modifier under the same conditions when the UF resin modified with 1% PVA (contrast to the total urea), 6% Furfural (contrast to the molar of total formaldehyde) and 1% thiourea (contrast to the total urea). Formaldehyde free drop from 0.43% to 0.056%; time of boiling water resistant from 28minutes to 121minutes, the viscosity growth of storage for 24 hours from +24 to +3, and resin viscosity increases from 22.3s to 26.9s. Fourier transform infrared spectra show that the various modifiers are involved in the urea-formaldehyde resin synthesis formed copolymer, changed the microstructure of the resin, and improve the macroeconomic performance; Meanwhile TG - DSC show furfural has the benefit to raise the urea - formaldehyde resin heat resistance.(3) UF foams were prepared by mechanical foaming. The results showed: When concentration of Lauryl benzene sulfonic acid sodium is 8g/L; foaming temperature is 20～30℃; viscosity of UF resin is 20～30s; curing system is made up of 20% phosphate, 30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 10% oxalic acid, we can obtain the UF foam with uniform cell structure and the appropriate size of the bubble. UF foams have a certain viscosity that can bond palm leaf sheath fiber form composite materials. Palm sheath fiber has a better bonding action with urea-formaldehyde foam adhesive after the Palm sheath fiber had treated with 2% NaOH, the microstructures of composites tested by Microscope.(4) Thought the plant of Sedum lineare in the urea-formaldehyde foam adhesive/Palm sheath fiber composites, The results showed that urea-formaldehyde resin foam adhesive / Palm sheath fiber composite material is a good matrix material for the plant of Sedum lineare. This system is suitable for greening such.roof and other areas of the residence.更多还原