【作者】 周城；

【导师】 徐晓虹；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 黄河淤泥沙是一种大自然废弃物，属于硅酸盐类矿物原料，同时也是一种可利用的宝贵资源，以黄河泥沙为主要原料制造陶瓷酒瓶节约成本、利废环保。本文以黄河泥沙为主要原料成功研制了新一代生态陶瓷酒瓶，其中较优坯体配方为AH35，其黄河泥沙添加量为60％。AH35泥浆性能稳定，其稀释机理是双电层（静电）稳定机制和空间位阻稳定机制的综合作用，最佳解凝方案为：采用0.4％纯碱和0.4％水玻璃的传统复合解凝剂，泥浆含水率为39％，流动性21.26s，厚化度1.48；采用0.6％PC67和0.45％纯碱的新型复合解凝剂，泥浆含水率为35.5％，流动性24.56s，厚化度1.45。黄河泥沙质陶瓷酒瓶坯体的烧成颜色较深，本文成功研制了一种可以遮盖住坯体颜色的低温乳浊釉，其中最佳生料釉的配方为B-2-3，釉面硬度637.3HV，釉层晶相组成为透辉石、钙长石等，乳浊效果较好；最佳的半熔块釉配方为D-2，烧成温度1120℃，釉面硬度644.4HV，乳浊效果较好。经中试投入生产的优化釉料配方为B-5，该釉内部分布着大量的颗粒状微晶和少许板条状晶体，其中板条状晶体为钾钙板锆石[(K_0.27Al_0.39Ca_0.34)ZrSi₃O₉]，颗粒状微晶为石英（SiO₂）微晶，微晶直径约为0.3μm，接近可见光的波长范围，大量微晶对光线的衍射作用使得釉面产生了强烈的乳浊效应。烧成后坯体的主晶相为柱状的硅线石晶体（Al₂SiO₅），颗粒状的石英晶体（SiO₂）和板状的钠长石晶体[Na（AlSi₃O₈）]。采用坯用泥浆配方NJ1和釉料配方B-5制备的陶瓷酒瓶在1150℃下烧成，酒瓶性能良好且外观美雅，其气孔率（Pa）为0.41％，吸水率（Wa）为0.17％，体积密度（D）为2.512g／cm³；铅、镉溶出量分别为0.005mg／L和0.013mg／L；热稳定性为100℃～20℃热交换3次无裂纹，酒瓶无明显缺陷，各项性能均以超过企业标准（Q／371426 AHCJ001-1998）。酒瓶坯釉结合良好，其坯釉结合机理是釉中的碱金属氧化物渗入坯中，而坯中含Ca、Al、Si的晶体长入釉中，继而形成中间层，中间层中各元素都均匀地分布，没有大的颗粒和气孔，主要以微小的晶粒和玻璃相为主，它将坯体和釉紧密地结合在一起，使两者具有较好的结合性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The raw material Yellow River silt is one sort of natural waste, which belongs to the silicate mineral material and meanwhile a utilizable precious resources, Manufacturing wine bottle with Yellow River silt can not only benefits the environment, but also economize cost.Research developed a new generation ecological ceramics bottle with Yellow River silt. The excellent recipe AH35 is composed by 60% Yellow River silt. The property of slip AH35 is steady and its deflucculated mechanism is the synthetic action of electrical double layer stabilization and space steric stabilization,the excellent deflocculated solution is that if with the compound addictive of 0.4% sodium and 0.4% soluble glass,the water ratio of the slip will be 39%, the liquidity will be 21.26s and thickness degree will be 1.48,if with the compound addictive of 0.6% PC67 and 0.45% sodium, the water ratio of the slip will be 35.5%, the liquidity will be 24.56s and thickness degree will be 1.45. The host crystal phase of the sintered body is columnar silimanite（Al₂SiO₅）, granular quartz （SiO₂） and platy albite （NaAlSi₃O₈）.For the deep color of sintered body, research developed a low temperature opacified glaze which could cover it.The excellent raw glaze recipe is B-2-3, the glaze microhardness is 637.3HV, the phase composition of" glaze are diopside and anorthite which make the best opacifying effect. The excellent semi-flitted glaze recipe with fine opacifying effect is D-2 ,its glaze microhardness is 637.3HV. The optimized glaze recipe which is put into production is B-5, after sintered, there are abundant granular microlite and crumb massive crystal grain in the glaze, the massive crystal is wadeite[(K_0.27Al_0.39Ca_0.34)ZrSi₃O₉] and the granular microlite is quartz（SiO₂）, the microlite diameter is about 0.3urn which approach the visible light wavelength and the coming opacifying effect of the glaze is caused by the light diffraction of microlites in it.The wine bottle prepared by slip NJ1 and glaze B-5 and sintered at 1150℃is very elegant in appearance and its performance is excellent.with 0.41% of porosity, 0.17% of water absorption and 2.512 of density,the leak amount of Pb and Cr is respectively 0.005mg/1 and 0.013mg/1, the thermostability is 3 time flawless heat-exchange amoung 100℃～20℃, the results show that the each performance of the bottle exceeded the company standard（Q/371426 AHCJ001-1998）. The glaze of the bottle fit the body well, which mechanism is that the alkali oxides in the glaze penetrate into the body and crystal composed of Ca, Al, Si grows into the glaze, then the interlayer formed. The element distribute evenly in the interlayer in which there is no large grains and pores but mostly microlites and glass that combined the glaze and body closely and endow them with excellent associativity.更多还原