【作者】 王益奎；

【导师】 李文嘉； 龙明华；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 植物营养学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以砧木1号（Zhenmu NO．1）和桂砧1号（Guizhen NO．1）为试材，分别与大明星和珍红番茄嫁接，试验共设6个处理，即：大明星（CK₁）、珍红（CK₂）、珍红／砧木1号、珍红／桂砧1号、大明星／砧木1号和大明星／桂砧1号。研究不同砧木嫁接对番茄增产及抗青枯病的作用机理。通过对嫁接番茄的田间调查、生理生化指标测定、果实品质分析以及抗性生理指标测试，得出以下结论：1．供试的2种砧木与大明星和珍红嫁接具有良好的亲和性，成活率均在81.2％以上，其中桂砧1号嫁接的成活率高于砧木1号。2．增产效果明显，嫁接番茄植株生长健壮、枝叶繁茂，嫁接苗的产量极显著高于自根苗。3．嫁接对番茄果实外观品质无明显不良影响，果实的内在品质略优于对照，但口感与对照基本相同。4．在田间条件下，系统研究了嫁接番茄（珍红／砧木1号，珍红／桂砧1号）以及接穗（珍红）的光合作用特性。结果表明：自根苗的光饱和点显著高于嫁接苗，自根苗和嫁接苗的光补偿点差异不显著；嫁接苗的CO₂补偿点显著低于自根苗，表观量子效率变化范围为0.062～0.073；CO₂饱和点在844～971μmolCO₂·mol^-1左右，CO₂羧化效率变化范围为0.055～0.086molCO₂·m²·S^-1；嫁接苗的光合速率和蒸腾速率日平均高于自根苗，但两者的日进程曲线均为“单峰型”，其光合作用不存在“午休现象”。5．番茄嫁接后过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）同工酶酶谱发生了变化。其中嫁接苗和自根苗相比，SOD同工酶谱变化不大；POD和PPO同工酶的酶带数和强度均有所增加。6．在病原物胁迫下，防病效果大明星／桂砧1号＞大明星／砧木1号＞大明星（CK₁），珍红／桂砧1号＞珍红／砧木1号＞珍红（CK₂）。嫁接番茄的相对电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量与其抗病性呈显著负相关趋势；过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性与其抗病性呈显著正相关趋势。综合分析不同砧木嫁接苗特性参数，结果表明选用桂砧1号作为砧木为佳，与2个对照品种相比，无论是总产量的增加还是防病效果都有突出表现。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this experiment four types of grafted tomato seedlings were obtainedthrough Zhenmu No. 1 （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） and Guizhen No. 1（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） as two rootstocks and Zhenhong andDamingxing as two scions. The effects of various rootstocks onphysiological and biochemical characteristics and resistant mechanism oftomato to bacterial wilt were studied. Through investigating of under fieldconditions, determinating of physiological and biochemical characteristics,analyzing of fruit quality and testing of physiological indexes of resistanceto tomato bacterial wilt, the results were as follows:（1） There were high affinity between two rootstocks and scion, all thesurvival rates of grafted tomatoes were above 81.2%. The survival rates ofgrafted Zhenmu No. 1 were lower than that of Guizhen No. 1.（2） Yields were increased after tomatoes were grafted. The growth ofgrafted tomatoes was better than that of control. Various rootstocks had verypositive significant influence on tomato yield compared with the control.（3） There were not obviously negative effects of various rootstocks onexternal quality of tomatoes. Internal quality of tomatoes was better thanthat of control. Taste and flavor between various rootstocks-graftedtomatoes and the control were the same.（4） The photosynthetic characteristics of grafted tomatoes（Zhenghong/Zhenmu No. 1, Zhenghong/Guizhen No. 1） and own root tomato （Zhenghong） under field conditions were systematically studied byusing the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The results were asfollows: The light saturation points of own root tomatoes were significantlyhigher than that of grafted tomatoes. The significant differences of lightcompensation point between own root tomatoes and grafted tomatoes werenot found. The CO₂ compensation points of grafted tomatoes weresignificantly lower than that of own root tomatoes. The apparent quantumefficiency was between 0.062 and 0.073. Under suitable temperature andsaturation light intensity condition, CO₂ saturation point ranged from844μmolCO₂.mol^-1 to 971μmolCO₂.mol^-1, and the carboxying efficiencywas between 0.055～0.086 molCO₂.m².S^-1. The CO₂ compensation point ofthe Zhenghong, Zhenghong/Rootstockl, Zhenghong/Rootstockllscion/stock) were 74.0μmolCO₂.mol^-1, 60.8μmol CO₂.mol^-1, 50μmolCO₂.mol^-1 respectively. The photosynthetic diurnal variations in leaves oftomato had been studied. The diurnal variations of net photosynthetic ratesand respiration rates exhibited "single peaked pattern". They had the highestpoint at midday and existed no "midday depression" in thephotosynthesis. The diurnal variations of internal CO₂ concentration werejust opposite to net photosynthetic rates.（5） There were changes in the isozyme spectra of POD, SOD and PPOafter grafted by various rootstocks. The isozyme spectra of POD and PPO ingrafted tomatoes by the resistant rootstock （Guizhen No. 1） were more thantwo scions. There were no changes at isozyme spectra numbers of SOD inleaves of tomatoes.（6） Under tomato bacterial wilt stress, the sequence of disease-resistancewas Damingxing/Guizhen No.1＞Damingxing/Zhenmu No.1＞Damingxing, Zhenhong/Guizhen No.1＞Zhenhong/Zhenmu No.1＞ Zhenhong. There was a negative correlation trend between electricconductivity percentage, content of MDA and disease-resistance. There wasa positive correlation trend between activities of POD, SOD, PPO anddisease-resistance.To sum up, Guizhen NO. 1 was the best rootstock of scion. Comparedwith control, the total yield was increased above 106.0%, and preventioneffectiveness was above 88.1%.更多还原