【作者】 徐德淼；

【导师】 唐日新；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 攻击性是心理学的一个重要研究领域,吸引了心理学家们广泛而持久的关注。性别是很多研究者都感兴趣的一个重要变量,而攻击性的性别差异则表现得尤为明显。以往的研究多采用测验、观察、实验等外显的手段对攻击性进行考察,普遍发现外显攻击性男性显著高于女性。近年来,内隐社会认知研究领域得到了迅猛发展。国内不少研究者也尝试用内隐社会认知研究的方法对攻击性进行考察,结果发现被试在无意识条件下表现出对攻击性信息的偏好,证明了人类内隐攻击性的存在;并且认为内隐攻击性是相对独立于外显攻击性的,外显攻击性男性显著高于女性,而整体的内隐攻击性则没有显著的性别差异。本研究在前人研究的基础上,将攻击行为按其表现方式分为身体攻击和言语攻击,考察内隐攻击性表现方式上的性别差异,同时对外显攻击性表现方式的性别差异结果进行验证,并进一步对内隐结构和外显结构的关系进行探讨。本研究被试为南昌某大学127名大学生,外显攻击性测量采用翻译Arnold H. Buss & Mark Perry(1992)编制的攻击性问卷(The Aggression Questionnaire);内隐攻击性测量采用自编内隐联结测验,类别维度为男性姓名/女性姓名;属性维度为身体攻击/言语攻击词语。研究结果表明:1.整体外显攻击性不存在性别差异,但在身体攻击因素上男性显著高于女性;言语攻击因素上性别差异不显著。2.内隐攻击性在表现方式上存在性别差异,男性与身体攻击联系更紧密;女性与言语攻击联系更紧密。3.外显攻击性和内隐攻击性间的关系不能简单地根据相关系数来作判断。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aggression was an important research area in psychology, it attracted the psychologists widespread and lasting attention. The sex was an important variable that many researchers were interested in, and the gender difference in aggression is especially obvious. The former researches which much used questionnaire, observation and experiment to test the aggression, universally showed that male was obviously higher than female in the explicit aggression.In recent years, the implicit social cognition research area has developed swiftly. In our country, some researchers also attempted to use the methods that used in the implicit social cognition area to test the aggression, the results showed that objects prefer to the aggressive information unconsciously, that proved the implicit aggression surely existed in people’s minds; And it was relatively independent to the explicit aggression; male was higher than female in the explicit aggression, but there was no significant gender difference in the implicit aggression.This study built on the predecessors’researches, it divided the aggression into the action aggression and the verbal aggression according to the performance way. Its purpose was to inspect the gender differences between the action aggression and the verbal aggression in the implicit aggression, it was also to confirm the results in the explicit aggression simultaneously, and attempted to discuss the relationship between the implicit aggression and the explicit aggression. 127 college students in Nanchang participated in this study, the explicit aggression was measured by the Aggression Questionnaire; the implicit aggression was measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) that compiled by ourselves. The IAT had target concept and attribute dimension, target concept included ten male/female names; attribute dimension included ten action/vocal aggression words.The results showed: (1) there was no significant gender difference in the total explicit aggression, but male was higher than female in action aggression. (2) In implicit aggression, male were associated with action aggression more closely while female with verbal aggression. (3) The relationship between the explicit aggression and the implicit aggression could not just be decided by their coefficient of correlation.更多还原