【作者】 陈洁；

【导师】 何元；

【作者基本信息】 广东外语外贸大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 1994年，《技术性贸易壁垒协定》(即WTO／TBT)正式签署生效。《技术性贸易壁垒协定》的实施，对促进世界各国采用国际标准、国际贸易的正常有序进行产生了一定程度的积极作用，但同时，由于技术性贸易壁垒性质模糊着难以界定、各国制定和实施的TBT千差万别技术性贸易壁垒已经成为世界各国调整贸易利益的重要手段。从实质上看，TBT是一把双刃剑，合理运用技术性贸易壁垒对国际经济和各国社会经济发展产生积极的影响，滥用技术壁垒妨碍世界各国公平贸易的进行。普遍认为，发展中国家受到技术性贸易壁垒的影响程度超过发达资本主义国家。加入WTO后，我国受到技术性壁垒的影响加重，尤其是来自美国、欧盟和日本三大贸易伙伴国。本文着重研究美欧日技术性贸易壁垒对我国出口影响，深入探讨对我国出口产生影响的原因。本文首先对研究技术性贸易壁垒的国内外相关文献进行综述，尤其是国内对技术性贸易壁垒影响出口的相关实证。这些研究成果都证明了技术性贸易壁垒对我国出口确实存在一定程度的负面影响，但是这些实证研究也确实存在一些不足，这是本文写作的基础和出发点。文章的第三部分，对技术性贸易壁垒如何影响国际贸易作了规范分析。介绍了其产生和发展、美欧日技术性贸易壁垒的概况、技术性贸易壁垒影响国际贸易的运行机制和经济效应，有利于理解技术性贸易壁垒影响出口的路径和原理。在理论分析的基础上，本文以美欧日和中国的相关面板数据对研究主题进行了实证分析，以验证美欧日技术性贸易壁垒确实阻碍了我国出口贸易及其影响的程度。首先选取了对我国出口有影响的美欧日汇率、GDP、外商直接投资(FDI)、技术性贸易壁垒四个重要解释变量，建立回归模型，利用STATA软件确定模型类型并进行计量测算，结果表明，四个解释变量都通过了显著性检验，技术性贸易壁垒和出口额之间确实存在显著的因果关系。继而进一步对实证结果进行分析美欧日技术性贸易壁垒影响我国出口额的原因，通过数据分析表明，这一结果与美欧日与中国的贸易不平衡(贸易总量和贸易结构)、美欧日和中国在技术性贸易壁垒体系上的不平衡、新贸易保护主义在美欧日国家的盛行、TBT成为美欧日向中国转化内外部矛盾的平衡点、中国加入WTO，激发美欧日强化对中国的技术性贸易壁垒这几大因素有关。因此，要改变现状就必须力求市场多元化和树立中国产品的良好形象、构筑我国的标准体系、在经济发展中注重环境与发展、与贸易合作伙伴寻求共同利益、WTO规则的框架下解决贸易争端。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the year 1994, Technical barriers to trade agreement (WTO/TBT) signed and took effect. After WTO/TBT put into effect, it promotes every country adopt international standard, and help the international trade work healthy and orderly. But at another side, it is hard to define the character of TBT, and standards vary from one country to another. As the trend of world multi-polarization and economic globalization, technology develops promptly, and fierce competition between international trade, TBT has became a important tool for many countries to adjust its trading interest.In substance, TBT is a double-edged sword, use it reasonably will make positive effect on global economy and development of every country society, abuse it will hinder fair trading. Think that commonly, the impact of TBT on developing country will greater than developed country. After entering into WTO, TBT imposing in china increases, especially from USA、European Union and Japan. This paper focuses on studying the effect that TBT of these countries make on the export of China, and analyzing its reason.First this paper sum up the main document on TBT in homeland and abroad, especially the empirical study on the impact of TBT to trade in homeland. These researches all show that TBT made negative effect on china export, but these researches did have their disadvantages, that also the foundation and start of this paper.The second part of the paper has normative analysis on how TBT affect export. Make a introduction about its origin and development, general situation of TBT in USA、European Union and Japan, its operating mechanism and economy effect.On the basis of theory analysis, the paper use the panel data of USA、European Union and Japan and China in empirical study on this theme, to validate TBT of these countries hinder china export. First picking out four important independents like exchange rate, GDP, FDI, and TBT, to built regression modal, use STATA software to judge the type of the modal and process econometric analysis. The result reveals that, TBT of USA、European Union and Japan and exportation of china exist cause and effect relation in fact. Then discuss the reason under this phenomenon further, with the analysis of data, it shows this result relate to four sides, like imbalance in TBT system and trading situation between china and these countries, new trade protectionism prevail in these countries, TBT become a balance point for these counties transport their society conflict, china’s entry to WTO.To change this adverse situation, China should try to create diversify market and set up positive china product image, built up our own standard system, emphasize environment and development during economy construction, find common interest between China and its trading partner, settle disputes under WTO frame.更多还原