【作者】 宋光林；

【导师】 谭红； 何锦林；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 刑事案件的发展为痕量物证利用提出了客观需要，科学技术的发展为痕量物证利用提供了可能性。本文较系统地研究了轻质矿物油(汽油、煤油、柴油)的特点，通过气相色谱分析不同厂家和不同牌号汽油、煤油、柴油的组分，找出轻质矿物油组分的相同点与不同点，找出各自的主要特征组分作为矿物油分析判断的主要依据；在此基础上，模拟汽油和柴油在棉花、毛皮、报纸等载体上不同燃烧程度的气相色谱图特征，找出其不同燃烧程度色谱峰的变化规律；模拟汽油和柴油洒落在水中、土壤中、预制板上残留物的气相色谱图特征，并模拟出柴油洒落在水中的主要组分的气相色谱保留时间的相对偏差为0～0.06％；水中柴油的提取率能达到79％；水中检材的体积百分含量检出限为0.0067％。在贵州省测试中心司法鉴定业务中，利用本论文提供的一些信息文献、测试分析方法处理数十次有关矿物油的司法鉴定案例，起到了很大的实用效果，说明矿物油种类的判断可行，物证测试分析方法可靠，可作为矿物油物证司法鉴定的参考文献。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of criminal case needs the trace amount material evidence objectively. the development of science and technology provided the possibility of the trace amount material evidence.In this paper we studied the characteristic and the components of the light quality mineral oil(gasoline, petroleum, diesel oil) detailedly with the gas chromatography analysis . The light quality mineral oil are of the different factory and the different trademark.We discovered the same spot and the diversity of the light quality mineral oil component and the feature components were the basis evidence for analysis judgment; In this foundation, we simulated the combustion of gasoline、the diesel oil cotton、fur and newspaper at different burning degree .Then we can get different gas chromatography drafts and discovered the change rule from them; Simultaneously we simulated the combustion of gasoline and the diesel oil on the water、the soil、the precast block .The gas chromatography drafts was also gained.The results showed on the case of the diesel oil weeping in the water ,the RSD of retention time of gas chromatography is 0～0.06%;The extraction rate of diesel oil from water can achieve 79%;The analysis limits of the diesel oil extracting from water is 0.0067%(in volum). In the Guizhou Physical test and chemical analysis center,we use the method to analyze the judicial identification case of mineral oil for more than ten times.The method has a good practical effect and it was feasible.Therefore,it can provide the reference for the trace evidence of mineral oil.更多还原