【作者】 徐景峨；

【导师】 周碧君； 李永明； 王开功； 文明；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 预防兽医学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 猪萎缩性鼻炎（Atrophic rhinitis，AR）又称慢性萎缩性鼻炎或传染性萎缩性鼻炎，主要是由支气管败血波氏杆菌（Bordetella bronchiseptica，Bb）和／或多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida，Pm）引起猪的一种慢性呼吸道传染病，其主要特征为慢性鼻炎、颜面部变形、鼻甲骨萎缩和生长迟滞。本病属于世界动物卫生组织（OIE）所规定的B类疫病，是进出口动物卫生检测标准中的必检项目。根据《贵州省畜禽疫病志》资料，贵州省没有发生猪萎缩性鼻炎的病例记载。但近年来，随着畜牧养殖业的迅速扩大，生产方式向集约化与适度规模化发展，从国内外反复引种以及省内畜禽的频繁流动，在贵阳市的一些养猪场中出现了疑似猪萎缩性鼻炎的病例。为了解本病在贵阳市猪群中的流行情况，对疑似病例作出确定性诊断，追踪传染源，笔者等在2003年6月～2006年7月期间，对11个猪场开展了流行病学调查，进行了病原的分离与鉴定，取得了以下研究成果：①首次从流行病学、血清学和病原细菌学三个方面对贵州省猪萎缩性鼻炎进行了确定性诊断。②首次对贵州省11个猪场、7037头猪开展了流行病学调查，发现呈现典型猪萎缩性鼻炎临床症状的猪场有6个，平均临床发病率为2.78％（196／7037）。在调查期间共剖检17头病猪，根据鼻甲骨的形状和病变，把鼻甲骨变型分为4类，即A、B、C、D型。患病猪血液学常规指标没有显著变化。采用乳胶凝集试验检测不同年龄猪群的血清样本，血清抗体阳性率平均达到42.8％（12／28）。③从11个猪场采集的156头份鼻腔棉拭子或肺部病料中，分离到Bb 39株和Pm 13株，分离率分别为25.0％（39／156）和8.3％（13／156）。其中3个猪场分离出Bb和Pm，为进行性萎缩性鼻炎；另3个猪场只分离出Bb，为非进行性萎缩性鼻炎；其余5个猪场未分离出Bb和Pm。同时对Bb和Pm分离菌株进行了药敏试验，为生产实践提供了指导。④对13株Pm分离物进行亚种鉴定，结果属于Pm多杀亚种有6株，占46.2％（6／13）；属于Pm败血亚种有7株，占53.8％（7／13）；未发现Pm杀禽亚种。⑤采用Pm种特异性的KMT₁-KMT₂引物对13株Pm分离物进行PCR鉴定，结果与传统的生化反应鉴定完全一致，符合率为100％；而猪鼻腔和肺组织中常见的其它细菌均显现阴性反应。采用Pm A型、B型和D型引物对13株Pm分离物进行PCR分型鉴定，结果属于Pm A血清型有8株，占61.5％（8／13）；属于Pm D血清型有5株，占38.5％（5／13）；未发现B血清型的菌株。更多还原

【Abstract】 Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic respiratory tract infectious disease of swine characterised by chronic rhinitis, snout deformation, atrophy of the nasal turbinate bones and reduced productivity, which is mainly caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica and /or Pasteurella multocida. AR belongs to B kind disease defined by Office International Epizooties （OIE） and a check item ruled by export and import animal sanitation test standard. According to the Livestock and Poultry Loimia History in Guizhou, there was no record about AR. However, in recent years, along with livestock breeding enlargement fast and mode of production development towards farming concentration and enlarged scale, with introduction from home and abroad again and again and frequent flow of livestock and poultry in the Guizhou province, the borderline cases like AR occurred some pig farms in Guiyang city, In order to know about epidemic condition in Guiyang pig herds, to make diagnose definitely about borderline cases, to trace infection sources of disease, we undertook epidemiological investigation and isolation and identification of pathogen in 11 pig herds during June, 2003 and July, 2006. The gained achievements of the research were as following:1. The research results made diagnose definitely about atrophic rhinitis in Guizhou province in three aspects that epidemiology, serology and bacteriology for the first time.2. In reseached 11 pig farms, there were typical symptom of AR in 6 pig farms, the average clinical morbility was 2.78%. It was no significant changes in blood routine index of sick swine. Adopting to latex agglutination diagnostic reagent detecting serum samples of different age pig herds, the results indicated serum antibody positive incidence was 42.8%（12/28） on average. On the basis of shape and atrophy pathological changes of turbinate bone, 4 types were divided in 17 dissected sick swine.3. 156 samples from nasal cavity secretion or lung of the swine, were used by bacteriology detection. The results showed that 39（25.0%） strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica and 13（8.3%） strains of Pasteurella multocida. There were 3 pig farms isolating Bb and Pm, which belong to PAR, the others isolating Bb only, which belong to NPAR, any bacteriria was no found in the rest farms. Meanwhile, every isolate was then studied on sentivity to antibiotics, which offered guide for productive practice.4. 13 strains of P.multocida were identified in subspecies, 6 strains were P.multocida Subsp. multocida, accounted for 46.2% （6/13）, 7 strains were P. multocida Subsp. septica, accounted for 53.8% （7/13）. P.multocida Subsp. gallicida was no found.5. 13 strains of Pm were isolated from pig herds showing clinical symptoms of atrophic rhinitis. The PCR assay was conducted with Pm species specific primers （KMT₁-KMT₂） and the results were in accordance with the identification of traditional biochemical reaction. No DNA fragment was amplified from other bacteria, which were common in nasal cavity and lung tissue of pig.The capsular PCR typing indicated that 8 strains were serotype A, accounted for 61.5%; 5 strains were serotype D, accounted for 38.5%; serotype B strain was not found.更多还原