【作者】 霍小琴；

【导师】 李森；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】以尝试学习为例

【摘要】 《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》指出：在新一轮基础教育课程改革中，要改变课程过于注重知识传授的倾向，强调形成积极主动的学习态度，使获得基础知识与基本技能的过程同时成为学会学习和形成正确价值观的过程；改变课程实施过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机械训练的现状，倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手，培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力，获得新知识的能力，分析和解决问题的能力以及合作与交流的能力。因此，转变被动、单一的学习方式，倡导自主、探究与合作的有效学习方式是新课程改革的重要任务之一。尝试学习强调“在尝试中学习，在尝试中成功”，是一种有效的学习方式，它整合了新课程所倡导的建构自主、探究与合作的有效学习方式的理念，能逐步改变传统教学中以教师为中心、课堂为中心和书本为中心的局面，促进学生创新意识与实践能力的发展。本文试图在有效学习方式相关研究的基础上，验证尝试学习的有效性，把尝试学习与自主学习、探究学习、合作学习进行比较研究，并试着提出尝试学习实施的指导策略。本文分为五个部分：第一部分：前言。有效学习方式是顺应时代发展的需求而产生的，当前我国的基础教育改革及教学实践中所存在的一些问题阻碍了有效学习方式的实施，尝试学习能够将“自主、合作、探究”进行有机整合，是一种有效的学习方式。第二部分：有效学习方式的相关研究。学习方式是学习者进行学习时所使用的独特的行为操作风格或习惯，是学习者在完成学习任务的过程中表现出来的一种倾向性。有效学习方式是指在有效的学习策略的指导下，能够以最少的实践投入取得最佳的学习效果，以达到学会学习和终身学习的目的，它包括了学习过程的有效性和学习结果的有效性。有效学习具有建构性、积累性、目标性、情景性及主动性等特征。有效学习的条件包括积极主动的学习动机、清晰的学习目标、适宜的学习任务、积极完成任务的信心、奖励与反馈以及循环练习和学习迁移等。第三部分：尝试学习是一种有效学习方式。对尝试学习的概念进行了界定，认为尝试学习的实质是让学生“在尝试中学习，在尝试中成功”；总结出尝试学习具有能动性、自主性、独特性、创造性、情感性及合作性等特征；分析了尝试学习在对学习者主体精神的解放、实现学习者学习目的、培养学习者终身学习能力以及顺应新课程改革等方面的价值，试图对尝试学习的有效性进行初步验证。第四部分：新课程背景下的尝试学习。通过把尝试学习与新课程所倡导的自主学习、合作学习、探究学习进行对比研究，认为尝试学习是自主的学习，合作是尝试成功的保障，尝试即探究，充分挖掘了尝试学习的有效性。第五部分：尝试学习的实施策略。试图从学生、教师、学校三个层面提出指导尝试学习实施的策略。要激发学生的尝试动机，培养其反思能力和元认知监控能力，教师要营造积极的课堂氛围，同时要相应地改革学校考试和评价制度。第六部分：结束语。更多还原

【Abstract】 The New Curriculum Reform of basic education is to change the focus from past practice of knowledge to form active learning attitude so that the students experience the process of establishing a correct value system in the process of learning basic knowledge and basic skills. The New Curriculum reforms the receptive styles of rote memory, and mechanical training, encourages the student to have hand-on experience, in exploration of knowledge, learn to search for, acquire and process new information. The students are also trained to develop the ability of critical analysis, problem solving, communication and cooperation. So it is an important mission to transform passive and simple learning mode to promote autonomous, inquiry and cooperative learning. Try learning stressed, "trying to learn, trying to success," which is an effective method of learning. It integrated of the method of autonomous, inquiry and cooperative learning, which is advocated by the New Curriculum. Trying Learning can change the situation from the traditional teacher-centered, classroom-centered and book- centered, it can promote student innovation and the development of practical ability. In this paper, based on the research related to Effective learning at home and abroad, in order to learn the basic theory of Effective learning, and the Effective learning in the background of New Curriculum. Secondly, attempt to learn the general meaning and the value of the Try Learning. Finally, attempt to guide the strategies of Try Learning.This paper is divided into five parts:Part I: Introduction. Effective Learning is comply with the demand of the development of the times, the New reform of Curriculum and the problems existed in the teaching practice obstacles to the implementation of learning, Try Learning is an Effective learning.Part II: The related research on Effective Learning. Learning is the learners learn by the use of the unique operating style or habit, which is a tendency when the learners complete the process. Effective Learning has the learning strategies, under the guidance at least be able to put the practice to achieve the best learning to achieve learning and lifelong learning. Effective Learning conditions, including active learning, clear learning objectives, appropriate learning task, actively completing the task confidence, incentives and feedback and learning cycle linkages and migration.Part III : Attemptable Learning is an Effective learning. Try to define the Try Learning, the essence of the Attemptable Learning is "try to learn in trying to succeed." Summed up the characteristics of the Attemptable Learning. And also analysis the value of the Try Learning.Part IV: The Try Leaning with the New Curriculum. Compare the Try Learning with the Autonomous Learning , Cooperative Learning and Inquiry Learning , it is to learn that Try Leaning is an Autonomous Learning, cooperation is an ensure of success to learn, and the attempt is the inquiry.Part V : The strategy of the Try Learning. Attempting to learn the three levels of strategy, which are Students, teachers, school guidance.Part VI: Conclusion.更多还原