【作者】 宋晓东；

【导师】 黄建新；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 微生物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目前黄姜生产皂素工艺过程中产生的废弃物对周围环境造成了严重的污染，其环境污染问题已成为制约皂素产业健康发展的瓶颈。由于皂素废水治理难度大、治理费用高，目前尚无成熟的治理技术。本文对皂素废水进行资源化综合利用和处理相结合的研究，使其变废为宝，减少环境污染：同时对利用皂素生产废渣制备生有机肥料的工艺进行了研究。目的：解决皂素生产过程中产生的高浓度有机废水及废渣的综合利用问题，使废弃物资源化，变废为宝，达到通过综合利用废弃物产生的效益，维持皂素生产治理污染所投资和运行的费用，甚至可产生一定经济效益者的目标。方法：利用皂素废水中有机物含量最高、污染最重的一次废水发酵生产工业酒精及利用光合细菌和活性污泥的方法处理废水相结合的方法治理皂素生产废水；采用微生物发酵皂素生产废渣制备生物有机肥料。结果：1．利用皂素一次水解废水经酒精发酵后，所得工业酒精经质检部门检测，基本符合工业酒精国家标准GB394—93合格品要求，可产生良好的经济效益，达到以治废养废的目的。同时，利用光合细菌进一步降解综合废水，活性污泥曝气的方法再处理末端废水，其COD_Cr去除率约98.7％，色度去除率约94％，水质得到明显改善，基本达到国家的污水综合排放三级标准，解决了皂素生产中的废水问题。2．研究得到了一条利用皂素生产中废渣，经一定比例纤维素分解菌、固氮菌、磷、钾细菌发酵作用，制备生物有机肥料工艺路线。其产品的各项参数均符合农业部生物有机肥标准NY 884—2004。每处理50t废渣，生产成本约2.0万元，可获利1万元。有一定的经济效益，既减少了资源浪费，又降低了环境污染。结论：对皂素废水进行资源化综合利用和处理相结合，既可以减少废水污染，又可以达到以废养废的目的，保障了皂素生产企业的经济利益，技术方法简单易行，易被小型皂素生产企业接受；制备生物有机肥料既减少了资源浪费，又降低了环境污染，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently ,the waste from Diosgenin production of Dioscorea Zingib erensis C.H.Wright has brought serious pollution to surroundings environment currently, which has become the bottleneck for the further development of diosgenin plain industry develops healthily. Because of the difficulties in dealing with diosgenin wastewater and high expenses, there was no mature technology of treating the wastewater yet. In this thesis, the technology of comprehensive utilization and treatment of the waste was studied to make it reclaimed and reduce pollution. Meanwhile, the technology of production Bio-organic fertilizer by Diosgenin waste was also researched.Objectives: Resolve output high density organic wastewater in the Diosgenin production line and waste residue of comprehensive utilization a problem, make wastes recycling, change to discard for the treasure, attain to pass to synthesize a performance of making use of the wastes creation, maintain the Diosgenin production to manage pollution invest with circulate of expenses, even can produce the target of economic performance certainly. Methods: Make use of the organic matter content in the Diosgenin wastewater tallest, pollute a most heavy wastewater to ferment to produce industrial alcohol and exploitation to match the method processing waste water of photosynthetic bacteria and activated sludge to combine together only of the method manage Diosgenin production wastewater; Adopting the microorganism ferments the waste residue of Diosgenin production making Bio-organic ferti lizer. Results: 1.Make use of the first wastewater of Diosgenin product on after alcohol fermenting, gain industrial alcohol a section to examine through the quality check, basic match industrial lcohol national standard GB394 - 93, can produce a good economic performance, attain to keep by discarding to discar of purpose. In the meantime, use photosynthetic bacteria solution comprehensive wastewater, the activated sludge method again processing after, the COD_Cr cleans rate about 98.7%, the color degree cleans rate about 94%, the fluid matter gets obvious improvement, basic attain nation of dirty water comprehensive exhaust 3-rated standard, hurdle a problem in wastewater from Diosgenin production. 2. The research obtained in a use the waste residue of Diosgenin production, after certain proportion cellulose-decomposing bacterium, Azotobacter chooroccum, Phosphorus-dissolvin g bacterium, Potassium bacterium ferment a function, making the Bio-organic fertilizer craft route. Various parameters of product all match Department of Agriculture Bio-organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004. Manages 50T waste residue, the production cost is about 20,000 yun, can make a profit 10,000 yun . There is certain economic performance, since reduced a waste of resources, and then lowered pollution of the environment. Conclusions: By means of the reclamation and treatment of the waste from diosgenin production of Dioscorea Zingiberensis C.H.Wright, not only the wastewater pollution to environment could be reduced, but also the aim at balancing the cost of Diosgenin wastewater further treatment and even at gaining economic profit could be achieved. In addition, it was easy for most of Diosgenin factories of small scale to accept be cause of its simpleness and feasibility. Making Bio-organic fertilizer since reduced a waste of resources, and then lowered pollution of the environment。Both of the technology routes had obvious economic and social benefits.更多还原