【作者】 梅海峰；

【导师】 曹家枞；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 冰蓄冷空调系统以其“移峰填谷”和“节省运行费用”的优势获得了电力生产部门和空调用户的青睐，在国内外日益得到广泛的运用。冰蓄冷空调系统的运行在我国正处于由示范工程向扩大规模运用的转变阶段。研究的热点集中在冰蓄冷空调系统匹配、蓄冰装置的动态特性研究、系统的经济性分析和评价等方面。对冰蓄冷空调的控制系统的整体研究不足。然而只有有效的控制方式才能保证系统节省运行费用和节约能源。本文的主要工作就是在已有工程基础上考虑负荷影响的空调冰蓄冷系统的优化运行。本文以上海市东华大学松江校区区域性供冷的冰片滑落式冰蓄冷系统作为研究对象。冰蓄冷系统运行优化与空调系统的冷负荷有关，空调负荷的预测是冰蓄冷系统优化运行的前提。鉴于本课题任务不包括负荷的预测，因此本文将系统的空调季一套实际负荷曲线代替预测的负荷。由于依此曲线研究得到的优化运行模型和求解方法、计算机程序对本论文所研究的空调系统具有普遍适用性，一旦空调负荷预测成功进行，本研究结果即可进入实际应用阶段。为了获得空调季负荷曲线和延续特性，本文根据系统的部分负荷数据和标准年气象资料建立了系统冷负荷估算模型。在此基础上，以系统在整个空调季的运行总费用作为优化目标，结合冰片滑落式动态冰蓄冷系统的特点，分析了优化运行的思路，建立了以系统各设备的运行总费用为目标函数的优化数学模型。本文的优化运行原则是：在不同电价时段内主机和蓄冰槽的负荷进行优化分配；在日总负荷大于蓄冰槽最大容量的时候，合理地开启主机的时间及台数，以保持制冷主机在高效率的情况下运行，同时避免主机的频繁启停。同时，为了实现这些原则，还建立了关于冰片滑落式冰蓄冷系统的主机优先运行策略模型，同时还得到了该冰片滑落式系统在部分蓄冰策略下不适合采用蓄冰槽优先的运行模式的结论。然后，本文利用面向对象的程序设计技术和Visual Basic语言在Windows环境下，开发了冰蓄冷空调系统运行优化控制软件软件中引入整个空调季的负荷，并把所建立的主机优先模型和优化运行模型引入软件，对该系统进行了计算，可以得出两种运行模式在任何时间下主机与蓄冰槽之间的最优负荷分配，和主机的开启时间和台数，软件还能计算出每日、整个空调季在两种运行模式下的各时段各设备的最优化的费用及总费用。最后，通过对软件计算出的结果进行分析，得出：在日负荷比较大的情况下优化运行比主机优先的优势并不明显，在部分负荷的条件下优化运行的优势非常明显。在整个空调季优化运行模式的运行费用比制冷机优先模式要少189000元，降低了接近16.2％的运行费用。经济性非常明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of its advantages in shifting peak load and saving operation cost, ice-storage systems have been welcome by both power plants and AC users. thus air-conditioning systems with ice-storage are adopted more and more widely. Many demonstrating projects with ice-storage system have been constructed in recent years at home , which accumulated a lot of experience for new projects. Most researches concentrate on optimal design of the system, analysis of the dynamic characteristic of ice tanks, economic analysis and evaluating of projects However, research on the auto control systems as a whole is insufficient. Running costs and energy consume can be decreased by efficiency running mode. The major work of this thesis is to study the optimal operation of ice storage system considering influence of cooling load on existing projects.This thesis takes the ice harvester system in Donghua University as the experimental object. The optimization control is related to the cooling load characteristic and the forecast of air-conditioning load is the precondition of optimal operation for ice storage system. Since this thesis doesn’t conclude the load forecasting, it replaces the forecasted load with a set of system’s exact load curve of air-conditioning season. The optimal operation model and solve method and computer program derived from the load curve are applicable to all the air-conditioning system of this thesis, then the research outcome can be taken into practice if the air-conditioning load is forecasted successfully. In order to get the load curve and continue characteristic of air-conditioning season, a cooling load mathematical model is established firstly according to some cooling load data about the ice-storage system and the standard year meteorological data. On the basis of above analyses, with the operation costs of the whole air-conditioning season as the objective function, combined with the characteristics of borneol-sliding dynamic ice storage system, an optimal mathematic model is built. And the way of the optimization control has been analyzed: the load distribution of refrigerating engine and ice-storage tank under different electrical price; the time and quantity of the refrigerating engine to be turned on when daily total load greater than the maximum content of the ice-storage tank. It is necessary to keep the refrigerating engine work under high efficiency and avoid turning off the refrigerating engine frequently. In order to give prominence to the advantage of optimal operation, a refrigerating engine running first strategy of ice storage system was built, additionally, ice storage system was not suitable to adopt ice-storage tank running first strategy when ender the ice harvester system.By using the object orientation program design technology and Visual Basic language to develop the optimization control software of ice-storage air-conditioning in Windows environment, in this thesis. This software introduces the load of total air-conditioning season and the refrigerating engine running first model and optimal operation model. The software can calculate the whole system; obtain the load distribution results of refrigerating engine and ice-storage tank under those two models in any time, additionally, the time and quantity of the refrigerating engine to be turned on; calculate the charge of every equipments and the total charge of every day or whole air-conditioning season under those two models in any time.Finally, according to the result of the software, the advantage of optimal operation is not obvious when daily load is higher, but obvious when running under partial load. The running charge of optimal operation model is less than refrigerating engine running first model by 189085.96 yuan in whole air-conditioning season, which reduce almost 16.2% of the total running charge. In a word, it is very economical.更多还原