【作者】 温康文；

【导师】 孙水裕；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 黄原酸钾（ROCSSK，俗称黄药）是有色金属硫化矿浮选中经常使用的有机浮选药剂。本文首先从含黄药的锌精矿、铅精矿和硫精矿浓缩溢流废水中驯化筛选出能在pH值为10.0的条件下降解黄药的菌株，并对菌株的生理生化特征进行了研究。然后研究了菌株降解黄药的最佳试验条件，如：pH、温度、振荡速度、接种量、底物浓度、Na⁺和K⁺浓度等，探索了黄药的生物降解机理。最后考查了菌株处理实际废水的效果。研究结果为江苏南京栖霞山锌阳矿业有限公司浮选废水的生物净化处理提供了理论基础。经富集驯化分离得到三株在pH值为10.0下能以黄药为唯一碳源的降解菌，分别命名为：Zn1、Zn2和S1。其中Zn1菌在牛肉膏固体培养基上呈黄白色，有光泽，圆形凸起，边缘整齐，随着培养时间的加长黄颜色不断加深，革兰氏染色阴性，呈杆状，无鞭毛。Zn2菌在牛肉膏固体培养基上呈浅绿色，有光泽，圆形凸起，随培养时间的延长颜色加深，革兰氏阴性杆菌。S1菌在牛肉膏固体培养基上呈乳白色，有光泽，圆形凸起，随培养时间的延长颜色泛黄，革兰氏阴性杆菌。通过对各菌株的菌落形态观察及个体形态和生理生化特征分析，推测各菌株均属于假单胞属。重点研究了生长最快处理效果最好的Zn1菌株的降解特性，并与由Zn1、Zn2和S1三株菌构成的混合菌进行了对比研究。结果表明，Zn1菌株降解黄药的最佳条件为：pH为10.0，温度为30℃，振荡速率为120r／min，接种量为10％（体积比）。Zn1菌株对低浓度的黄药溶液处理效果较好，在上述条件下，当黄药初始浓度为100mg／L时，溶液的黄药降解率为45.37％，COD_Cr去除率为32.38％。研究还发现：适量的Na⁺浓度（约为5g／L）能提高菌株的黄药降解率；加入0.2g／L的葡萄糖时可大大提高菌株的降解效果；相同实验条件下，Zn1菌占60％的混合菌的黄药降解率均高于Zn1菌占任何比例的混合菌的黄药降解率，混合菌的最佳比例为：Zn1：Zn2：S1=3：1：1。最后用紫外分光光度法和COD_Cr测定法推测了Zn1菌株降解黄药的途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Potassium xanthate, with its molecular formula ROCSSK, is one of the organic flotation reagents used frequently in sulfide mine flotation.This paper first studied domesticating and screening potassium xanthate-degradation strains from flotation wastewaters of refined zinc mineral, refined lead mineral and refined sulfide mineral, which containing potassium xanthate, when pH is 10.0.And we studied the characteristics in structure and appearance of the strains. Then we examined the optimization of biodegradation conditions and explored the mechanism of aniline float biodegradation by strain Zn1.The conditions include pH value, temperature, shaker ratation, quantity of bacterial consortium, concentration of substrate, Na⁺ and K⁺ ,etc. At last we studied the effect of biodegradation on actual wastewater by the strains. This paper provides academic sustains on biodegrading flotation wastewater for Nanjing Xinyang Mine Company.Three bacterial strains were isolated from flotation wastewater, which could grow with potassium xanthate as the sole source of carbon and energy,were respectively christened Zn1, Zn2 and S1. Among those bacterial consortium, the colony of Zn1 is light yellow while deepen as the culturing time goes, glossy and short-bacilliform with gibbosity on the solid culture medium of beef extract, and is gram-negative, short-bacilliform and non-flagella; while Zn2 is aqua while deepen as the culturing time goes, glossy and rotundity with gibbosity, gram-negative; and S1 is ivory , and deepen as the culturing time goes, also glossy, bacilliform with gibbosity and gram-negative. According to the analysis about the shape characteristics of colony or individual and other morphological characters, we guessed the three strains all belong to pseudomonas.Among the three strains, strain Zn1 was the most active in degrading potassium xanthate, therefore, further studies focused on this strain, and also studied the mixed consortium of the three strains in this paper. For the strain Zn1, the optimum pH is 10.0, temperature is 30°C, the shaking speed is 120r/min, and the bacterial consortium is 10% （volume percent）. The disposal effect of potassium xanthate with low concentration by strain Zn1 is better, when the concentration of potassium xanthate is 100mg/L, 45.37% of potassium xanthate was degraded and 32.38% of COD_Cr were removed. The results also showed that condign concentration of the Na⁺ ion, about 5g/L, can enhance the strain be able to endure alkali. Adding the glucose at the concentration of 0.2g/L could greatly improve degrading efficiency. At the same experiment condition, the mixed consortium of the three strains with Zn1 occupy 60% is better to biodegrade. The optimal scale is Zn1:Zn2:S1=3:1:1.Finally, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and COD_Cr determination presumed the degradative pathway of potassium xanthate by strain Zn1.更多还原