表见代理构成要件之研究

【作者】 任志伟；

【导师】 田土城；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 民商法， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 表见代理制度是一项具有很强的司法实践研究意义的民事法律制度。对表见代理构成要件的认定的合理与否直接关系到本人与相对人利益保护的平衡问题。表见代理构成要件的标准认定的过宽，就会无辜损害本人的合法权益；表见代理构成要件的标准认定的过严，又会损害表见代理制度设计的初衷一维护社会交易安全，鼓励交易。如何合理的认定表见代理的构成要件是本文写作的出发点。文章运用理论联系实际及法哲学的分析方法，从表见代理的理论层面及实践层面对表见代理制度构成要件进行了分析，从而为表见代理在司法实践中的认定理清了思路。除引言及后记外，本文共分为四个部分。第一部分：表见代理的立法考察。本部分运用比较分析的方法，对以德国、意大利、瑞士、日本等为代表的大陆法系国家和我国港、澳、台以及大陆地区的表见代理立法进行了分析，并对英美普通法系国家的不容否认代理制度进行了探讨。文章认为表见代理的立法旨意在于保护交易安全和维护代理制度的信誉，各国法律逐步加强了对表见代理的规制。第二部分：关于表见代理构成要件的分析。表见代理兼具有权代理和无权代理的特点，其构成是该制度中最复杂，争议最大的一环。学理上，根据本人的主观过失是否是构成表见代理的必要条件，有单一要件说和双重要件说、折衷要件说之争；根据表见代理构成要件是否唯一，又产生了多元论和一元论。文章分别对各种观点进行概述和理由分析，总结各种观点的优势和劣势，最后认为，双重要件说随着认识的澄清和误区的消除，固有的合理性日益显现，必将取代单一要件说而成为多数说。第三部分：我国司法实践中对表见代理的认定。文章从实例出发，分析司法实践中如何认定表见代理成立的主要要件—表面授权及相对人善意且无过失问题。第四部分：表见代理制度的立法完善。文章指出了我国表见代理制度的立法缺陷及其应完善之处：我国表见代理制度规定的过于弹性，立法应对表面授权或表见代理的类型予以抽象或概括；从保护相对人利益及衡平相对人、本人、代理人利益出发，对表见代理法律后果的承担，应采取选择说并将补充连带责任引入表见代理制度；同时，表面授权的成立与信用环境关系密切，人们的判断标准不统一，表见代理制度难以确定，因此，规范我国的信用制度势在必行。更多还原

【Abstract】 The trusted agent system is a civil law system that has strong study meaning of judicial practice. It will directly influence the balence problem of benefit-protecting of the opposite person and oneself ,that the affirming reasonable or not the trusted agent constitute. Breadly affirming will injure one’s legal rights;Strictly affirming will injure the original intention of the trusted agent constitute designings,that are maintening society trade safety and encouraging bargain. How reasonably affirming the trusted agent constitute is the starting point of this article. Using the theories contact actual and the law-philosophy analytial methods,the artical analizes the trusted agent constitute from theory to the practice which pures the way of thinking in the field of judicial practice.Besides preface and postscript ,the article is divided into four parts.Part one: Law making investigation of the trusted agent .Using compare analytical method, this part analyze the trusted agent law making of the mainland law-system nations include Germany, Italy, Swizerland, Japan etc and Honkong, macau, Taiwan and the Mainland , and inquir into the not-permitting of denial the trusted agent in the British and American common law nation.The article thinks the trusted agent law making is to protect the trade safety and maintain the prestige of the trusted agent system, mang countries have gradually strengthened the regulation of the trusted agent.Part two: Analysing of the the trusted agent constitute. the trusted agent constitute. The trusted agent has features of permitting agency and forbidden agency, so its composing is the most complicated and disputing part in the whole system. On the academic theories, according to one’s subjective mistake is the essential condition or not, there are single important item theory,dual important item theory and conpromised important item theory;According to the the trusted agent constitute is the the unique or not, there are pluralistic theory and monism theory. The article analyse all kinds of theories and summarize the advantages and shortcomings of all theories. Finally,the artiche thinks the dual impartant item theory’s rationality presents increasingly along with the cancellation of the the cognitive clearness, and it will replace single important item theory, as well as to be the popular theory.Part three: The affirming of the trusted agent in judicial practice of our country. Beginning from the solid example, the article analyze how to affirm the main constitute of the trusted agent in judcial pratice,which are surface authorization, opposite person’s good intentions and no mistake problems.Part four: Prefect lawmaking of the trusted agent.The article points out the lawmaking blemishes of the trusted agent in our county and the places that should be perfect. The trusted agent is too flexible in our country that the lawmaking should abstract or generalize the surface authorization or types of the trusted agent.Starting from protecting the benefits of the opposite person and balencing the benbfits of oneself, opposite person and the agent,itshould adopt choosing theory and lead joint liability to the trusted agent to undertake the law result. IN themebntime, the establishment of surface authorize is close with the circumstance of reputation, because the judgment standand is deffrent, the trusted agent is difficult to assurance. All in all, to regulat our regutation system is very necessary.更多还原