【作者】 戴毓庭；

【导师】 解秀琴；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】“鹰”的个案分析

【摘要】 文体研究由来已久，且争议颇多，众说纷纭。其间主要涉及形式与意义的关系问题，方法论问题以及影响文体的因素等等。现代语言学产生之前，传统的文体分析常基于个体的主观感悟和体会，因人而异，缺乏统一的评判标准。随着现代语言学研究的不断深入，基于韩礼德功能理论的文体分析能较好地处理以上问题。韩礼德认为文体即“意义潜势”或“有动因的突出”，主张从功能角度来诠释文体的性质和目的。文体即意义潜势，韩礼德认为语言具有三种纯理功能：作者／讲话者作为观察者的概念功能；作者／讲话者作为闯入者的人际功能；作者／讲话者作为语篇组织者的语篇功能，语篇功能将概念功能和人际功能关联成一体，共同在情景语境中起作用。这三种功能的相互关联构成了“意义潜势”，而语篇正是作者或讲话者根据情景语境对意义潜势作连续选择而形成的。语言功能通过语域的三个变量(语场、基调和语式)向上与情景语境关联起来；同时，对语言功能的选择向下促动了对词汇语法系统的选择，从而形成了语法结构；对词汇语法系统的选择又促动了对音系或字系系统的选择，从而形成了音系或字系结构。所有这些选择都会成为决定语篇文体特征的因素。文体也可视作“有动因的突出”。在情景语境的作用下，一种突出特征以“失衡’或“失协”的方式在语篇中得以前景化，获得文体价值，前者建立和强化常规，而后者违反和破坏常规。失衡和失协可以体现在语篇的各个层面中，从音系或字系层直至语义层。这些突出特征在英语诗歌中尤为常见。在此理论框架下，本文从意义潜势和有动因的突出这两个角度应用功能语言学相关理论分析了丁尼生的诗《鹰》。在该诗的功能个案分析中，首先分析了这首诗的情景语境，诗歌作为一种特殊的文体不同于日常交际谈话，不受语境的束缚，但同时又可以通过暗示或想象在诗中创造语境，因此一首诗的情景语境常涉及到两个或多个层面，而语境中对应的三个语域变量也会随之变化并影响意义潜势；其次，应用功能语言学理论从及物性、语气、主位结构等方面分析《鹰》的语言结构，揭示该诗在语义层面的意义潜势及作者的内在意图；最后，分析《鹰》的表层语法特征，阐述了《鹰》这首诗的内在语义潜势如何影响语法层面的系统选择，并导致了字系、音系等方面的文体突出特征，而正是这些语法层面有动因的突出强化了《鹰》这首诗的主题和主旨，塑造了鹰傲视长空却急坠海底的象征形象来悼念其挚友的早逝。《鹰》的功能个案分析表明，应用功能语言学理论从意义潜势和有动因的突出两方面来分析英诗为我们提供了一个较为全面的理论框架，在此理论框架下对英诗的阐释和解读能够相对客观，避免因人而异的主观评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since ancient time, the stylistic study has remained a hot issue on controversial ground. Traditional stylistics mainly deals with subjective and incredible intuition analysis which varies from one to another. With the development of modern linguistics, present stylistic study based on functional theory can conveniently solve the problem mentioned above. Halliday regards style as ’meaning potential’ or ’motivated prominence’, to interpret the nature and goal of style from the perspective of language function.Firstly, Style could be seen as meaning potential. In Halliday’s functional theory, language involves three-metafunctions, i.e. ideational function with the writer/speaker as an observer; interpersonal function with the writer/speaker as an intruder; textual function with the writer/speaker as a text-forming organizer. The textual function makes the former two functions relevant with each other in a context. These three functions are interrelated to form the semantic plane of meaning potential, from which the writer/speaker makes a consecutive selection to create a text in a specific context. In addition, these functions upwards interrelate with three register variables: field, mode, tenor. The ideational function is mainly determined by mode, the interpersonal by tenor, and the textual by mode. On the other hand, the alternative of functions downwards activates the selection of lexico-grammatical system, the grammatical structure of a text is formed in this way; reversely, the alternative of lexico-grammatical system activates the option of phonological or graphonological system, and thus forming phonological or graphonological structure. All these selections are to become the decisive factors to the style characteristics.Style, on the other hand, is considered as motivated prominence, which is attributable to language functions and context. Triggered under a specific situation, motivated prominences are foregrounded by way of deflection or incongruity so as to possess its stylistic value. The deflection strategy conforms to and intensifies norm form, whereas, the incongruity strategy violates the norm form, and these two strategies are realized on levels of a text, phonological, graphonological, and semantic. Unlike other genre, English poetry is filled with motivated prominence.Under this framework, Tennyson’s poem The Eagle is explored from the two perspectives as ’meaning potential’ and ’motivated prominence’. In the process of this function-based case study, firstly, the exploration is made on situational context of this poem, as poetry is a different genre which is free from contextual constraints, but meanwhile in which the poet could create context by implication or the imaginative use of language, therefore a poem quite often involves two levels or multi-levels of register, in this case the correspondent register variables change as well, which has an influence on meaning potential. Secondly, we have analyzed the language structure of The Eagle from aspects of transitivity, theme, mood and modality to unfold on semantic plane the meaning potential and the poet’s intention. Finally, we have studied the lexica-grammatical features of The Eagle, to illustrate that the meaning-potential in this poem downward determines the systemic selections of language patterns and results in the stylistic prominence on phonological and graphonological levels. It is the stylistic prominence that reinforces the theme of The Eagle and depicts a symbolic image of the eagle who swirls in heaven but downthrusts into the sea in order to memorize his dearest friend who passed in prime.The function-based case study of The Eagle presents that functional theory provides us with a comparatively comprehensive framework for English poetry appreciation in terms of meaning potential and motivated prominence. Under this framework, the interpretation of English poetry becomes objective without personal judgment on subjective stands.更多还原