【作者】 陈明；

【导师】 吴双全；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 《联合国海洋法公约》是一部影响21世纪世界格局的海洋法典，是一部真正的“海洋宪章”。它包含了领海、用于国际航行的海峡、群岛水域、专属经济区、大陆架、公海、岛屿、国际海底区域、海洋环境保护、海洋科学研究、海洋技术发展和转让、海洋争端的解决等重要的国际海洋法律制度的规定。它对国际社会的影响是全方位的，包括政治、经济、军事、文化以及空间利用等方面的影响。它为人类在海洋的活动提供了基本的法律框架，建立了新的海洋秩序。然而，由于制定公约时受到各种历史条件的限制与影响，导致了海洋法中大量剩余权利的存在。为一些海洋强国谋求海上霸权地位创造了条件，留出了空间。而且随着海洋科技的进一步发展，海洋法中的剩余权利对各国的影响越发明显。其重要性也被各国所更加关注。根据经验，海洋法中的剩余权利往往给海洋强国带来更多的实惠，而广大的发展中国家通常是非受益国。究其原因，海洋强国往往利用其强大的军事力量以及经济优势，把自身利益建立在侵害别国各种权益的基础之上。他们滥用海洋法中的剩余权利，使其不符合国际法规则的各种行径合法化，而又得不到公约对其法律上的惩罚。换言之，一些海洋强国在“零责任”的基础上，以别国的合法权益为代价，来换取自身的利益。当然，海洋法中的剩余权利对一国的影响是两方面的，这主要取决于该国的综合国力水平。随着世界人口的急剧膨胀、陆地资源逐渐枯竭，以及海洋科技的进步，人类获取海洋资源的愿望与能力与日俱增。海洋也因此在人类社会发展过程中显得越发重要，越来越受到世界各国人们的关注。近年来，各国已开始注重开发自己的海洋国土资源，提高自身的与海洋开发和利用有关的各方面的技术力量，日渐把全面行使海洋主权权利，维护本国的海洋权益作为可持续发展的一项重要战略方针，把其作为发展本国经济、政治、文化以及军事等方面的重要要素之一。我国作为发展中国家，各方面的发展与发达国家还有很大的差距。一国的综合国力不可能一下子提高，而是一个逐步的过程。因此，我们应在提高综合国力的同时，全面利用海洋法中的剩余权利，保护我国海洋权益不受外来侵害。更多还原

【Abstract】 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is a code of the sea, which affects the world pattern in the 21^st century. It includes many important rules about international laws of the sea. And it affects the international society in any aspects, such as politics, economy, military affairs, and so on. It also offers the basic law structure for human beings and builds the new order of the sea.However, owing to the various limits and effects of the historical conditions when it was laid down, there exist a lot of residual rights in the law of the sea, which offers good conditions for some powers in the sea to chase the hegemony on the sea. Furthermore, with the development of technology of the sea, the effects of residual rights on the countries are more and more obvious. Thus, people pay more attention to their importance. According to the experiences, the residual rights often bring more benefits to the powers than the developing countries. The reason is that the powers of the sea usually base their profits on other countries using the superiorities in the military and economy. They abuse such rights and make them not conforming to the rules of international laws. In other words, the powers of the sea base their benefits on other countries with the expense of other countries’ rights lost on a basic of "Zero Responsibility". In a word, they depend on their superiority in economics, science, technology and military force. Of course, the effects of the residual rights on the countries have two sides. It depends on the comprehensive national strength.With the sharp explosion of world population, the exhausting of the resources on the land and the rapid development of the technologies of the sea, the desire of humane beings to get the materials from the sea is increasing rapidly. The sea, therefore, plays a more important role in the social development and people pay more and more attentions to it. In recent years, many countries begin to protect their earth resources, enforce their rights of the sea and protect their own benefits of the sea. They consider it as one of the important factors in developing their economy, politics. and culture, military and so on.As a developing country, China has a great gap with developed countries. Just because the development of the comprehensive national strength can not be improved in one day, it is a long-lasting term. Thus, we should make full use of the residual rights in the law of the sea to protect our benefits of the sea from encroaching by other countries as we try our best to improve the comprehensive national strength.更多还原