【作者】 熊兴；

【导师】 胡宗山；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 国际关系， 2007， 硕士

【副题名】以中、美外交为例的比较分析

【摘要】 一个国家的对外政策，一般是受其政治、经济、文化和国际环境等条件的制约的。在学术界人们通常习惯于从政治、经济和国际环境层面等来研究一国的对外政策，而对于文化层面的研究却忽略了或者重视不够。其实作为一种历史长期积淀的文化具有极其深刻和丰富的内蕴，对公众舆论、思维模式、甚至领导人的行为模式都有深远影响。冷战结束以后，特别是亨廷顿“文明冲突论”的发表引起学术界进一步加强对文化因素与外交决策关系的研究。文化不仅在确定外交决策目标过程中起着重要的作用，而且影响到实施的外交决策。建立从文化民族性角度分析外交政策研究方法的目的，是为了在外交政策的研究中提供一条新的思路。虽然学术界对文化民族性的研究还不完全成熟，但文化民族性所反映的民族国家整体性格特征，已经为研究具体国家的外交政策开辟了一条新的途径。通过文化民族性研究外交政策，主要是强调从国家性格出发来分析其对外行为方式，以说明文化民族性对外交政策的实际影响。本文以当今世界上影响最广的美国和中国的外交政策作为研究，具体了解这种研究方法的特点和意义。多年来，虽然研究者曾经通过决策程序、政治机构和公众舆论等不同角度进行分析，但这些角度显然尚未完全触及美国外交政策的本质特征。通过文化民族性对美国外交政策进行分析，我们就会发现，美国作为一个移民社会，其历史传统和文化特点集中体现在它的文化民族性中。实际上，在美国外交政策建立与发展的过程中，如果从文化民族性的角度进行观察，就不难发现，美国的外交政策在经济实力决定其总体规模的前提下，文化民族性不仅对外交政策发挥了主导性的影响，而且还提供了合理的价值解释和道德依据。而同样的，特点突出的中国文化受五千年传统文化熏陶，使中国的外交政策表现出独有的防御性和内敛性的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 A national foreign policy is generally restricted by its politics, economy, culture and international environment restriction.In the academic circles people usual custom to research from political, the economical and the international environment stratification on studies a country’s foreign policy, but has actually neglected regarding the cultural stratification research ortakes insufficiently. Actually,as one kind of history accumulates for a long time ,the culture has extremely profound and hsa rich embodiment, to the consensus, the thought pattern, even leader’s behavior pattern all have the profound influence.After the Cold War, especially the publication of Huntington "Clash between civilizations" ,which causes the academic circles further to strengthen to the cultural element and the diplomatic decision-making relations research.Culture not only playing an important role in the determination on diplomacy decision-making process, but also affects the implementation diplomatic decision-making. The purpose of establishment analysis from the cultural nationality angle to research foreign policy, is for in the new century, to provides a new mentality for the foreign policy research. Although the academic circles incompletely is also mature to the cultural nationality research, but it reflected the nation-state overall disposition characteristic,and already opened a new way for the research on country foreign policy.Through the cultural nationality research,mainly is the emphasis embarks from the national disposition analyzesits foreign behavior way, explains the cultural nationality to the foreign policy actual influence.This article affects the broadest American and China’s foreign policy to takes the research, specifically understands this research technique the characteristic and the significance. For manyyears, although the researcher once through the decision-makingprocedure, the political organization, the pressure group and theconsensus and so on the different angle has carried on the analysis,but these angles obviously not yet completely touch the US foreignpolicy the essential characteristic. Carries on the analysis throughthe cultural nationality to the US foreign policy, we candiscover, US takes an immigrant society, its historical tradition and cultural characteristic collective now in its cultural nationality. In fact, in US foreign policy establishment and indevelopment process, if carries on the observation from the cultural nationality angle, is not difficult to discover, US’s foreign policy decides its overall scale in the economic potential, its cultural nationality not only has played the leadeing role to the foreign policy, but also has provided the reasonable value explanation and the moral basis. Howerer, the characteristic prominent Chinese traditional culture has gradually influenced for over 5000 years, China’s foreignpolicy displays the factors of defensive and introvoted.更多还原