【作者】 李必慧；

【导师】 唐一文；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 美国贝尔实验室在1954年研制出世界上第一块硅电池，开辟了太阳能利用的新纪元。硅太阳能电池因其光电转换率高，制造工艺成熟得到重视，但是由于其成本较高，很难广泛应用。染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池因其具有成本低廉、制作工艺简单以及性能稳定等优点而逐渐成为人们研究的热点。ZnO为直接带隙半导体，具有与TiO₂相同的禁带宽度，且导带电位与TiO₂相差不大，具有稳定性高，毒性小，能阻截紫外线等特点，可作为太阳能电池的窗口材料。本论文的第二章采用两步法即首先在导电玻璃上制备一层均匀致密的ZnO纳米粒子膜，然后在溶液中水热生长，成功地制备出了具有高度取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列膜。讨论了基底、碱的强弱以及前驱溶液的pH值等因素对ZnO阵列的形成及形貌的影响。第三章采用水热法制备出了ZnO纳米棒粉体，将其配成胶体，在导电玻璃上制备成膜后，与ZnO纳米棒阵列膜分别组装成染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池，测量电池的输出性能进行比较。ZnO阵列膜电极的厚度虽然较小，但是它组成的电池的光电流和填充因子较大。纳米晶TiO₂多孔薄膜电极具有较高的比表面积，能吸附较多的染料分子和电解液，使光生电子容易与电解液中的氧化还原电对以及氧化态的染料分子复合。为了抑制这种光生电子和空穴的复合，本论文第四章采用简单、廉价的化学浴沉积法在TiO₂电极上浸渍一层极薄的MgO层，形成以单晶TiO₂为核，非晶MgO层为壳的核壳结构的薄膜电极，并且通过控制浸渍时间来控制MgO层的厚度。组装成染料敏化太阳能电池后，与纯TiO₂电极相比，TiO₂@MgO电极电池的光电流、填充因子和能量转换效率均有提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The first silicon solar cell fabricated in American Bell Lab in 1954 opens a new era of the application of solar energy. Because of the high conversion efficiency and mature producing techniques, silicon solar cell were mostly used in the world. But the high cost of the silicon made the silicon solar cell expensive and hard to used widely. The dye-sensitized solar cell （DSSCs） has received considerable attention because of its simple preparation process, low cost and stable performance.Zinc oxide with a wide and direct band-gap is a candidate for solar application due to its advantages, such as its excellent chemical and thermal stability, non-toxicity, and its transparency in the visible wavelength. The preparation of ZnO nanorod array films by a two-step method are studied in the second chapter. A layer compact and uniform ZnO nanoparticles with grain size of about 10 nm are obtained on the transparent conducting optically glass （TCO glass） via dip-coating method. The ZnO nanorod arrays are grown on the ZnO nanoparticle-coated TCO glass by using the hydrothermal method. We discuss the effects of experimental conditions such as substrate, the basicity and the pH value of precursory solutions on the formation and the morphology of the ZnO nanorod arrays. In the third chapter, ZnO nanorod powders are synthesized by using hydrothermal method, and porous ZnO nanorod film is obtained on TCO glass by using doctor-blade technique.The performance of the DSSCs based on porous ZnO nanorod film and ZnO nanorod array film are compared. The results show that the photocurrent and the fill factor of the ZnO array film is higher, although its thickness is thinner.Nanoporous TiO₂ electrode has high surface area, and can adsorb more dye molecular and electrolyte. So the photoinjected electrons are prone to recombination with the oxidized ions in the redox mediator or oxidized dye at the semiconducor surface. In order to inhibit the recombination of electron and cavity, coating another semiconductor around the TiO₂ particle as a barrier layer is an effective way. In the fourth chapter, preparation of TiO₂@MgO core-shell film is carried out according to a simple and low-cost chemical bath deposition method. TiO₂@MgO core-shell configuration is formed, in which the single crystal TiO₂ is the core and the amorphous MgO layer is the shell. The thickness of the MgO layer could be controlled by the dipping time. The performance of the DSSCs based on TiO₂@MgO electrode is investigated. Comparing with that of the pure TiO₂ electrode, the photocurrent, fill factor and energy conversion of the TiO₂@MgO electrode is improved.更多还原