【作者】 王勇辉；

【导师】 焦黎；

【作者基本信息】 新疆师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近50年来由于人口数量的快速增长,人类开发利用土地资源的规模不断扩大,经济发展水平虽有提高,但由于落后的生产方式、不合理的开发利用模式,使自身生存环境脆弱、自然灾害频繁发生。新疆的艾比湖流域就是一个环境问题十分突出的地方,主要表现在:土壤盐渍化严重;人类活动导致艾比湖湖面萎缩;风沙天气对艾比湖流域的自然环境造成严重影响;风沙对艾比湖流域经济发展危害较大;动植物衰退,生物多样性受到威胁。由于流域面积大、地理位置特殊,它的环境恶化会直接破坏当地居民的生活质量,同时也制约了该地区的经济发展。本文通过化学元素分析的方法,对该流域的土壤理化性质进行定量测定,选取的指标主要包括土壤养分(速效氮、磷、钾)、有机质、盐分及离子含量、机械组成等。根据测定结果判定:在艾比湖区周边及干涸湖底主要分布着盐土、盐化草甸土,盐土盐分含量极高。外围平原及荒漠与高山的过渡带主要分布着灌耕土、风沙土、灰棕漠土、棕钙土、栗钙土、黑钙土。其中栗钙土、森林土、亚高山草甸土、黑钙土、棕钙土,几乎没有盐渍化现象。灰棕漠土、风沙土、灰钙土盐分含量较大,伴有中强度盐渍化现象。在流域土壤类型中,导致土壤盐分较高的主要离子是硫酸根、氯离子。同时土壤中有机质含量与氮素、磷素呈现显著正相关关系,与钾素相关性较小。分析结果还表明:流域土壤现状的形成原因主要有两种,自然因素和人为因素。自然因素主要是当地的气候条件、地质、地貌及成土母质条件、水文及水文地质条件、植被条件等;人为因素主要是当地土壤的开垦利用、灌溉、耕作、施肥与土壤的演变、灌溉淤积与土壤的形成演变、种植对土壤形成演变的影响、人为活动引起土壤退化等。目前,该流域土壤现状的主要问题是土地质量下降,荒漠化严重,同时随着经济建设步伐的加快及人口的大量增长造成建设用地增加;此外,土地开发缺乏流域整体统一规划。因此,在未来的开发过程中应该加强荒漠化动态监测、合理利用水资源,保证现有绿洲的基础上防止荒漠化。同时应加强法制建设,真正做到合理开发、依法用地。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of the fast growth of the population, and the human expands the scale of developing and utilizing the land resource constantly in the past 50 years, the level of economic development is improved. But the backward mode of production and unreasonable mode of development and utilization, which make fragility of its living environment and natural calamities frequently take place. The Ebinur Lake Area of Xinjiang is an outstanding place of environmental problem, which mainly presents in the following aspects: The soil salinization is serious; The human activity leads to the reduction of the lake area; Sand and wind weather influences the natural environment of Ebinur Lake Area, and also it endangers the economic development of Ebinur Lake Area and the decline of animals and plants; bio-diversity is threatened. Because the area is large, and the geographical position is special, its deterioration of the environment will influence the local people’s life quality directly and restrict the economic development of this area. This paper determines the physical and chemical properties of soil in this area quantitatively through the method of chemical elemental analysis, and the chosen indexes mainly include the soil nutrient (quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), organic matter, salt, ion content, soil texture etc. According to the result of determining it shows: the Ebinur Lake Area and dried-up lakebed mainly distribute solonchak, salt meadow soil, the salt content of solonchak is extremely high. Peripheral plain, desert and intermediate zone of mountain mainly distribute irritate-cultivated soil, Aeolian sandy soil, grey-brown desert soil, brown calcic soil, chestnut soil, chernozem. The chestnut soil, forest soil, sub alpine steppe soil, chernozem, brown calcic soil and forest almost do not have a salinization phenomenon. Grey-brown desert soil, Aeolian sandy soil and sucrose have a heavier content in salt and intensity salinization phenomenon. Among the types of soils, the reason which causes a higher soil salt is ion sulphur acid radical and chlorine ion. Meanwhile, the organic content, nitrogen and phosphorus usually present the prominent positive correlation, it is little relative with the potassium. The analysis result still shows: Mainly there are two reasons causing the current situation of the basin soil, which are natural factor and human factor. The natural factor mainly includes the local climatic conditions, geology, ground form and soil matrix condition, hydrology, hydrology geological condition, vegetation condition etc. The human factor mainly includes the local soil utilization, irrigation, cultivation, applying fertilizer and soil development, irrigation silting in soil and forming and changing of soil, planting influence on forming and changing of soil and human activities causing the soil degradation etc. At present, the problem of the current situation of the soil in this area is mainly that the land quality drops and desertification is serious. Meanwhile, with the growing pace of economic development and a large amount of growth of the population, it increases the utilization of the construction land. In addition, land development lacks the whole unified planning. Therefore, strengthening desertification and monitoring dynamically, utilizing the water resource rationally, preventing desertification on the basis of remaining the existing oasis are very important in future. At the same time we should strengthen the legal construction, which really makes reasonable development and utilize land according to the law.更多还原