【作者】 刘冬；

【导师】 周长发； 周开亚；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 动物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 河花蜉科(Potamanthidae)隶属于昆虫纲(Insecta)蜉蝣目(Ephemeroptera)蜉蝣总科(Ephemeroidea)。本科现包括红纹蜉属Rhoenanthus(7种)、花河蜉属Anthopotamus(4种)和河花蜉属Potamanthus(13种)。本科是蜉蝣总科中祖征较多的类群，分类地位比较固定。种类广泛分布于全北区和东洋区，其中大部分种类分布于东亚和东南亚地区。我国种类目前已报道2属12种，但已有描述相对较简略，因此有必要对本科进行较全面深入的研究和梳理。本文在第一章中较详细地回顾了世界以及中国河花蜉科研究的历史和现状。与世界水平相比，我国在生物学和生态学方面的研究十分薄弱，有些甚至是空白。本文第二章对河花蜉科的一般形态做了简要描述，并对该科蜉蝣的生境、取食、幼虫的生长发育、生活习性、羽化、交尾和婚飞、产卵、孵化等方面做了概述。本文第三、四章对采自我国大陆16个省市的河花蜉科标本进行了全面的整理和分类鉴定，共描记我国大陆地区2属13种。其中4种稚虫首次报道，分别为：大红纹蜉Rhoenanthus magnificus Ulmer，湖南红纹蜉Rhoenanthus hunanensis(You et Gui)、广西河花蜉Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)kwangsiensis(Hsu)、大眼河花蜉Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)macrophthalmus(You)；长胫河花蜉成虫首次报道Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)longitibius Bae et McCafferty；中国新记录种一个：暗色红纹蜉Rhoenanthus obscurus Navás。文中对我国已知13种类进行了详细的描述，并提供了11个种的幼虫整体图、成幼虫主要特征图以及引征和分布记录，还编制了中国蜉蝣目河花蜉科成虫和稚虫属、种检索表。本研究还借助扫描电子显微镜，对大红纹蜉Rhoenanthus magnificus Ulmer、暗色红纹蜉Rhoenanthus obscurus Navás、尤氏红纹蜉Rhoenanthus youi(Wu et You)、湖南红纹蜉Rhoenanthus hunanensis(You et Gui)、霍山河花蜉Potamanthus(Patamanthus)huoshanensis(Wu)、黄河花蜉(东方黄河花蜉亚种)Potamanthus(Patamanthus)luteus oriens(L．)、美丽河花蜉Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)formosus Eaton、广西河花蜉Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)kwangsiensis(Hsu)、长胫河花蜉Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)longitibius Bae et McCafferty、大眼河花蜉Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)macrophthalmus(You)、三港河花蜉Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)sangangensis(You)、云南河花蜉Potamanthus(Potamanthodes)yunnanensis(You et al．)的卵进行了观察，并与其他科的蜉蝣卵进行了比较，结果表明，河花蜉科蜉蝣卵的形态在属和种间变化均不大，而与其它科相比差异显著。从同种蜉蝣成熟稚虫和成虫体内取出的卵在超微结构上极其一致，可见卵可作为成虫与稚虫对应的依据，但由于不同种类卵的形态模式基本相同，因此如果把卵应用于该科分类或系统发育分析时，需特别小心。本研究中的所有标本都保存于南京师范大学生命科学学院标本馆。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mayfly family Potamanthidae is a valid, distinct monophyletic clade of the superfamily Ephemeroidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera). Up to now, 24 species have been described around the world, they are divided into 3 genera: Rhoenanthus (7 species), Anthopotamus (4 species), Potamanthus(13 species). Species in this family widely distribute in the Holarctic and Oriental regions, most of them in eastern and southeastern Asia. So far, 12 species in 2 genera have been reported from China. Unfortunately, the original description of them are relatively simple, a comprehensive research and review on them is needed, this thesis is a preliminary try.The first chapter of this thesis reviews research history and status quo on Potamanthidae of the world as well as in China. The previous work on this family of this country was relatively insufficient compared to the international level, especially on the biology and ecology. Concerned this issue, certain details of morphology, behavior and life history of potamanthid mayflies are reviewed in the second chapter. In the third and fourth chapters, specimens of the Potamanthidae collected from 16 provinces and municipalities of Chinese mainland are classified, identified and revised. As a result, 13 reported species belonging to 3 genera are recognized, confirmed, redescribed and figured in detail. Larvae of 4 species are described for the first time: Rhoenanthus magnificus Ulmer, Rhoenanthus hunanensis (You et Gui), Potamanthus (Potamanthodes ) kwangsiensis ( Hsu ), Potamanthus (Potamanthodes) macrophthalmus (You) ; Male adult of Potamanthus (Potamanthodes) longitibius Bae et McCafferty is firstly described. Rhoenanthus obscurus Navas. is firstly recorded from China. In addition, both imaginal and larval keys to genera and species are provided. With Scanning Electron Microscope, eggs of 12 species are observed and compared, digital photos of them are taken, they are: Rhoenanthus magnificus Ulmer, Rhoenanthus obscurus Navas, Rhoenanthus youi (Wu et You), Rhoenanthus hunanensis (You et Gui), Potamanthus (Patamanthus) huoshanensis (Wu), Potamanthus (Patamanthus) luteus oriens (L.), Potamanthus (Potamanthodes) formosus Eaton, Potamanthus (Potamanthodes) kwangsiensis (Hsu), Potamanthus (Potamanthodes) longitibius Bae et McCafferty, Potamanthus (Potamanthodes) macrophthalmus (You), Potamanthus (Potamanthodes) sangangensis (You), Potamanthus (Potamanthodes) yunnanensis (You et al). The pictures of them as well as some other mayflies reported previously indicate that egg characters of this family are almost uniform in structure pattern, but different from other family significantly. Further, eggs from mature nymphs and female adults of same species are identical in every tiny characters. So it is believed that the eggs of Potamanthidae can be useful for adult-nymph association, but should be qualified in species identification or phylogeny reconstruction because of their similar structure pattern.The specimens in present study are all preserved in 85% ethylalcohol and deposited in the College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University.更多还原