【作者】 谢建；

【导师】 慈鸿飞；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 关于农民收支状况的研究，既具有重要的历史意义，又具有重要的现实意义，一直受到社会各界的关注，国内外的学者们从不同角度、运用各种理论方法进行了大量的研究，取得了高质量的研究成果。但是此前的研究，大多集中在农民支出，特别是集中在赋税支出方面，很少涉及到农民收入方面。针对这种情况，本文以民国时期(1920年——1937年)江南地区为研究对象，以当时的调查资料为基础，从农民家庭的收入与支出的差额的比较入手，对1930年前后江南地区农民的收支状况进行研究，发现1930年之后的农民收支状况与1930年之前相比是恶化了的。造成这种结果的原因不是农民支出增加了，特别不是因为赋税支出增加了，而是因为农民收入减少了。从而得出农民收入的变化对农民收支状况所产生的影响，远远大于农民支出的变化对农民收支状况所产生的影响的结论。进而，通过对当时调查资料的剖析，发现农民在面对调查时的恐惧心理和投机心理也是造成调查时农民支出和负债数据偏高的重要原因，但是这个因素在之前的研究中往往被忽视了。最后，本文对1930年以后农民收入大幅减少的原因进行了探讨，发现造成农民收入减少的原因主要是1931年“大水灾”和1929年开始的世界经济危机，这才是造成1930年以后农民收支情况恶化的最根本原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research on farmers’ income and expenditure with important history and reality significance, which was attracted by the general public. Domestic and foreign scholars took a lot of research on it with varieties theories and different perspectives, which got high quality research achievement. But lot’s of those researches focused on farmer’s expenditure especially on taxes expenditure, little touch upon farmer’s income.The thesis took research on farmers’ income in Jiangnan during Republic of China (1920-1937), which found out that the farmers’ income and expenditure condition after 1930 years was worsened. The reason of this result was not the increase of farmers’ expenditure especially the taxes expenditure but was the decrease of the farmers’ income. Thereby the conclusion was that the change of farmers’ income took greater influence on farmers’ income and expenditure than farmers’ expenditure.Through the analyze of the investigate data at that time, I found out that the fear and speculate psychology with investigation of farmer which was the important reasons that cause the data of fanners’ expenditure and debt higher, but this factor always be neglected in forward research.Lastly , the thesis explored the reasons of great decrease of farmers’ income after 1930 years, which found out that the "big inundation" of 1931 and the world economic crisis begin on 1929 were the main reasons to reduced the farmers’ income , and that were the essential reasons of the condition of farmers’ income and expenditure be worsen after 1930 years.更多还原