【作者】 张建波；

【导师】 丁家永；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 职业倦怠(Job Burnout)自从20世纪70年代提出以来，一直是组织心理学和职业健康领域关注的热点。大量的研究表明，职业倦怠是特定的职业和组织领域由于各种压力导致的普遍性现象。教师做为典型的助人行业，是职业倦怠的高发人群；同时由于教师特殊的职业特征，教师又承受着巨大的职业压力。在职业压力和职业倦怠的长期困扰之下，教师很容易派生对工作的厌倦感，产生离职倾向甚至由此发展为实际的离职行为。本研究采用问卷调查方式，以山东省三个地区(济南、日照、滨州)的高中教师为研究对象，对其职业压力、职业倦怠和离职倾向进行系统研究。研究工具系自编教师职业压力问卷、Maslach等人编制的教师职业倦怠问卷、教师离职倾向问卷。问卷施测采取研究者现场亲自施测及邮局邮寄他人帮助施测方式进行，共发放问卷480份，回收381份，其中有效问卷337份，有效回收率70.2％。研究得到如下主要结论：(1)高中教师总体职业压力较大，考试压力、学校管理、经济社会待遇位居教师职业压力的前三位；教师总的职业倦怠并不高，但是情感衰竭维度已超出了平均值；离职倾向水平一般，教师的离职倾向并不严重。(2)多因素方差分析表明，部分人口统计学变量(教龄、性别×教龄、性别×婚姻、教龄×年级等)对高中教师的职业压力、职业倦怠和离职倾向的主效应及交互作用显著。(3)高中教师职业压力的各压力源、职业倦怠的三个维度和离职倾向，各个层面间都存在正相关，相关均达到了显著的水平。(4)部分压力源对职业倦怠的三个维度有预测作用，来自经济社会待遇、工作负荷、学校管理的压力进入情感衰竭的回归方程，学生因素进入去个性化的回归方程，学校管理的压力和考试压力进入个人成就感降低的回归方程；学校管理、经济社会待遇的压力对离职倾向有显著的预测作用；情感衰竭和成就感降低对离职倾向有显著的预测作用。(5)职业倦怠是职业压力和离职倾向的中介变量，对两者之间的关系有调节作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1970’s, job burnout has become a popular topic of organizational psychology and career counselors. The majority of burnout studies show that job burnout is a universal phenomenon that can be explained by the stresses characterizing particular occupation or organization. As a typical helping-occupation, teaching profession is one of the most visible burnout profession. Also it has been identified as a stressful situation. Under the infection of job stress and job burnout, teachers may feel tired, then generate turnover intention even behavior turnover.The research in the way of inventory study the job stress, job burnout and turnover intention about the senior middle school teachers of Shandong province. Research instruments are job stress inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory and turnover inventory. The questionnaires are handed out by researcher himself and post office. There are 480 questionnaires, and return 381, the valid inventories are 337, the effective response rate is 70. 2%.The main conclusions of the research are:(1)the study find that the level of senior middle school teacher’s job stress is higher, the level of job burnout is lower, but emotional exhaustion beyond mean value and the level of turnover intention is also lower.(2)Multivariate analysis of variance find that only a few demographical variables effect some factors significantly. They mainly effect the levels of job stress, job burnout and turnover intention through main effect, two interactions or three interactions.(3)The relationship among job stress, job burnout and turnover intention are significantly.(4)Some job stressors can predict job burnout, stresses form ecomocial-socail treatment, workload and school management entered emotional exhaustion regression equation, stresses form student factors entered depersonalization regression equation, stresses from workload and examination entered reduced personal accomplishment regression equation. It is clearly that stresses from ecomocial-socail treatment and school management have positive influence to turnover intention; also emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment have positive influence to turnover intention.(5)Job burnout was shown to significant mediate the effects of job stress and turnover intention.更多还原