沈周与水墨写意花鸟画

【作者】 周伟；

【导师】 陆越子；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 美术学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 明代中期以后，文人绘画的主要表现形式之一——水墨写意花鸟画逐渐成为一种趋势，这一转变，沈周可谓功勋卓著。虽然在明之前也有水墨写意花鸟，但主流仍是以勾染为主的，而且宋院体花鸟在元代仍保持着很大的影响力。包括钱选、王渊的花鸟画还是保留着院体的体制，只是变色为墨，变富丽为淡雅，变拘谨为灵动罢了，只有到了沈周，花鸟画才发生了根本性的转变，写意花鸟代替勾染一派真正成为花鸟画坛的主流，他在前人基础上所开创的水墨写意花鸟启发了后来的大写意花鸟的发展。明代的画家大都受过沈周的影响，如：文征明、唐寅以及徐渭都是在他的基础上发展起来的。纵而观之，明清两代的花鸟画皆在沈周画风的笼罩之下。由此可见，沈周的花鸟画开创了文人水墨写意花鸟画的先河，同时，他又注重写生，扩大了水墨写意花鸟画的题材，他独特的绘画思想和表现手法影响了整个明清画坛直至近代现代而不衰。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the middle period of Ming Dynasty, Ink impressionistic flower-and-bird paintings, one of the main painting form for men of letters, gradually became a trend. Shen Zhou has made an outstanding contribution to this change.Before Ming Dynasty, although it existed the form of Ink impressionistic flower-and-bird paintings, the main stream gave first place to dye paintings, and Song-court-styled flower-and-bird paintings still had great influence in Yuan Dynasty. Qian Xuan and Wang Yuan included, their flower-and-bird paintings reserved the court style, with no nuances more than turning dye into ink, gorgeousness into elegancy, and stiff into agile. The flower-and-bird paintings didn’t make fundamental shifts until Shen Zhou’s paintings came out, when Ink painting impressionistic flower-and-bird paintings took the place of dye paintings as the main stream in the flower-and-bird painting circles. The Impressionistic splashes of ink that Shen Zhou created on the basis of the predecessors enlightened the development of Heard bird . Most of the painters in Ming Dynasty were influented by Shen Zhou to certain degree. For example, Wen Zhengming, Tang Yin as well as Xu Wei all achieved their development on Shen Zhou’s baisis. Overlooking Ming and Qing Dynasty, the flower-and-bird paintings all followed the style of Shenzhou.It can be concluded that Shen Zhou is the forerunner in Ink painting impressionistic. At the same time, he attached importance to the paint from life, the subject matter composing flower-and-bird painting, his distinctive drawing idea and technique of expression have affected the entire painting circles from Ming and Qing Dynasty up until modern times without declination.更多还原