【作者】 王涛；

【导师】 韩冬雪；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 政治学理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 黑格尔哲学继承了近代哲学的基本问题,并力图恢复古希腊精神面貌,从主客统一的高度,把理论研究与现实生活相结合,把思维活动的法则与历史相结合,以理性与反思来回应资本主义兴起带来社会动荡和世界历史的变迁。黑格尔认为,历史发展到他那个时代,无论是大革命群众的普遍参与,市场的扩张,资产阶级和平民的活跃,还是文化知识的普遍转播,人类智识水平的普遍提高,人文价值的繁荣兴盛,一个新世界的主客观条件已经成熟了。哲学有义务说明这个世界,让人自觉地在这个世界之内安家,把国家与法都建立在人的理性的基础之上。黑格尔之前,自然法和自然权利学说是流行于欧洲的国家和法的理论,黑格尔把自己的核心概念从“自然”转向“理性”。黑格尔把“自然权利”变成了“理性权利”的概念或学说。自然是否能够囊括全体,这个问题超出了人理智的范围。但人的理性却有包容性,从理性出发能够通达世界。黑格尔从人的理性出发来引申出人的权利和本质,形成了近代理性的国家观。他还把理论与世界,理性和世界,人的生命和历史结合起来,直接面对生活,不逃避世界,使传统的形而上学拥有了更多的社会生活视角,使学院哲学更加关注现实的国家政治问题。理性的国家观是黑格尔哲学的一个内在环节和必然要求。本文结合黑格尔国家观的时代背景、哲学基础与黑格尔的哲学体系来理解其国家观的基本内容和实质,同时说明了黑格尔国家观所具有的历史与现实关怀相结合倾向,指出了黑格尔国家观具有注重人的理智与思维言说,注重人生活的全面性等等特征,揭示了黑格尔国家观在晦涩的概念下所蕴涵的人类公共生活的永恒问题。文章的最后一部分还概述了黑格尔的政体思想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hegel′s philosophy deals with the problem which is the legacy of his precedents, however, there is the ancient Greek spirit in his works. Hegel′s time is featured by the rise of capitalism. Thus, there is modern spirit in his works. Hegel′s philosophy is not general abstracted from particulars, it deals with the concept of the word, it tells the truth of the word. A rational state is the conclusion of Hegel′s philosophy. This article is a general explanation of Hegel′s theory of the state. There is a brief introduction of Hegel′s idea of political regime in the last part of this article.Part one, capitalism, civil society and Hegelˊs philosophy of state. Capitalist create a new word. Universalism and liberalism is the modern principle of this new word. Hegel′s philosophy illuminates the principle of the new word, the necessity of capitalism, and comprehends the truth of political concepts with reason, from the prospects of a all-round man.Part two, Hegelˊs philosophy underline his rational state. Hegel′s philosophy deals with the concept. For Hegel, the concept is the free. It is the principle of life and so at the same the absolutely concrete. The concept, in so far as it has attained to a developed existence which is free, is nothing other than the“I”or pure self-consciousness. The concept strives to give it self actual objective existence, and then it is called the Idea. The Idea is the adequate concept; it is the true in and for itself, the absolute unity of the concept and objectivity.Part three, the elements of Hegel′s philosophy of right. Philosophy of right provides positive law with a critical dimension. Hegel′s philosophy of right contains three elements: abstract right; moral; ethics.Part four, the political state. The Idea of the state is different from a state in a civil society and a state in the relationship with family or any individual. State deals with rights and duties of people from different background; it is a process of constantly activities and comprehension. The Idea of state is full of content. Part five, the political regime. Hegel′s political regime is a whole divided into three parts, the monarch, the administration and the legislation, which presents individual, particular and universal will.更多还原