基于UML模型的软件可靠性测试技术的研究与实现

【作者】 李秀华；

【导师】 桑楠；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 计算机技术已经广泛应用于航空、航天、国防、电信、交通、金融、医疗等领域。在这些领域中,软件系统规模庞大,逻辑复杂,其可靠性和安全性往往有很高的要求。因此,研究如何保证并提高软件产品的质量和可靠性已成为计算机科学的一个重要领域。统一建模语言(UML)是一种描述能力强大且涵义直观的面向对象系统的可视化建模语言,它提供多种图形元素从不同角度和应用层次描述系统特征及其运行环境。基于UML的软件开发过程和建模已经被工业界广泛接受。因此基于UML的软件测试得到了学术界和工业界的广泛重视,其中基于UML的可靠性测试也成为值得深入研究的课题。鉴于以上的分析,本文在下述几个方面进行了深入研究。首先,分析了软件可靠性测试和可靠性仿真测试环境的研究现状,重点研究了两种主流的软件可靠性测试方法,分析和比较了其特点与存在的不足,指出基于使用模型的可靠性测试方法更符合软件工程实践。其次,分析了UML各模型用于指导软件测试的可行性及测试策略,指出不同的模型对应的测试层次,并得出结果:UML状态图、用例图、活动图和顺序图模型是基于UML模型测试(尤其是系统级功能测试)研究的重点。在此基础上,重点研究了基于UML状态图的测试用例设计与生成方法,对基于UML状态图的EFSM模型,提出了一种实时测试序列的生成和优化方法。第三,针对使用模型建立困难的问题,从UML的用例图、活动图和顺序图入手,研究了获取使用模型的形式化算法,导出的使用模型可直接用于基于统计原理的可靠性测试。最后,研究了实现软件自动化测试的关键技术,提出了一种基于UML模型的软件可靠性仿真测试系统框架,设计并实现了一个与Rational Rose相集成的软件使用模型自动生成工具。更多还原

【Abstract】 Computer technology has been widely used in the aviation、spaceflight、nuclear energy、communication、traffic、finance and etc. In these critical fields, the system generally has large scale and complicated logic function, and requires very high reliability and safety of the software. Therefore, it has been an important research direction of the computer science how to guarantee the quality and the reliability of the software product.UML is a graphical modeling language with powerful expression capability and intuitionistic meaning. It provides various diagrams to depict system characteristics and complex environment from different viewpoints and different application layers.UML-based software development process and modeling environments have been widely accepted by the industrial community, thereby UML-based software testing, especially UML-based software reliability testing, has been aroused much recognition.Based on above analysis, several researches in the following fields were studied.Firstly, this thesis analysed the present situation of software reliability testing and the simulation of software reliability testing environment. Two mainstream software reliability testing methods were compared on characteristic and flaw. The dissertation pointed out.that reliability software testing which is based on usage model is more suitable for software engineering practice.Next, some UML models were analysed on testability and test strategy. The relation between each testing model and its corresponding level was pointed out. A decision was reached that UML state diagram, use case diagram, activity diagram and sequence diagram are more important and fundament basis for software test based on model, especially for system test.Based on above analysis, this dissertation was focused on the approach that test case can be designed and formed based on UML state model. Then an improved approach on forming and optimizing of real time test sequence based on the UML state chart was put forward.Thirdly, for the difficulties of constructing the usage model in the test, this thesis brought forward a formalized arithmetic which can derive Markov usage model from UML use case diagram, activity diagram and sequence diagram.At last, the key technology of the software automatic testing was researched. A frame of software automatic testing and reliability evaluation system was brought forward. A tool integrated with Rational Rose was designed which can derive the software Markov chain usage model from the UML models.更多还原