基于“心智操作”的知识作业过程表征方法研究

【作者】 王波；

【导师】 李永建；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 人的脑力劳动创造了知识经济,催生了知识管理,脑力劳动工效问题自然成为知识管理的主要内容并表现于现代管理研究中的焦点与热点。以脑力为支撑的知识工作即人的认知过程。目前,众多管理方面的研究集中于知识作业支持性方面,而缺乏对过程本身的研究。从过程控制的观点看,欲提高知识作业的效率,首要问题是知识作业过程的描述和表征——这也正是本研究的目的所在。知识作业过程表征既是管理科学的问题,也是认知科学的问题。本研究侧重于探讨描述知识作业过程的一般性方法与个体认知过程(信息加工过程)所运用的心智操作方式(mind operation,MO)。在文献综述、对知识作业进行操作性定义以及知识作业过程分析的基础上,本研究提出了知识作业过程心智操作概念集模型;根据理论分析与多次预试验,编制了《知识作业过程心智操作方式问卷》;然后进行了抽样调查,基于样本数据对心智操作概念集模型进行了验证性因素分析,并对样本数据进行了统计检验分析;最后,以知识作业过程心智操作概念集模型为基础,利用BP神经网络建立知识作业分类模型(抽取92份具代表性的问卷),对心智操作表征方法进行了还原讨论。研究结果表明:(1)知识作业过程可用心智操作集进行描述和表征。其基本心智操作包括:元认知、辨识、变形、记忆、特征抽取、特征整合、推理、想象、具体化。(2)元认知对其它心智操作有计划、监督和调节作用,是它们的最高级别控制源。(3)不同性别、不同科目(文理科)的知识作业者,其经常使用的心智操作方式基本一致。(4)可从心智操作方式角度对知识作业进行识别和分类。知识作业过程的描述和表征为知识作业方法优化和时间测定提供了支持。这不但具有管理科学和知识管理工效方面的基础意义,也蕴含着对人工智能知识表示方法的探讨,其研究具有理论和实践上的探新意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human brainwork creates knowledge economics and promotes knowledge management, so the efficiency of brainwork naturally becomes the main content of knowledge management as well as the focus and hotspot of modern management research. Knowledge work/task sustained by brain is human cognitive process. At present, numerous research in management field focus on supportive aspects of knowledge task, but lack the process itself. From the view of process control, the main problem of enhancing knowledge task efficiency is the description and representation of knowledge task process, which is the purpose of this research.The representation of knowledge task process is not only the management problem, but also the problem of cognitive science. This research emphasizes particularly on discussing the general method of describing knowledge task process and the mind operations (MO) used in individual cognitive process (information processing process).Based on literature overviews, operational definition of knowledge task and knowledge task process analysis, this research presented the mind operation set model of knowledge task process. According to theoretical analysis and several times pre-tests, it formed Knowledge Task Process Mind Operation Modes Questionnaire. After sample investigation, it carried through the confirmatory factor analysis of the mind operation set model based on sample data and statistic test analysis on sample data. Besides, on the basis of mind operation set model of knowledge task process, it used BP (Back Propagation) neural networks to construct the recognition model of knowledge task type (choose 92 representative questionnaires), and this embodied the deduction analysis of using mind operations to represent knowledge task process. The results of this research were as below:(1) It could use mind operation set to describe and represent knowledge task process. The basic mind operations include metacognition, distinguishing, memory, transforming, imaging, characters extracting, character integrating, reasoning and concretization. (2) Metacognition is the highest level processing operation. It plays a role in planning, supervising and adjusting to the other mind operations in the whole knowledge task process.(3) By and large, it’s consistent in using mind operation modes between different gender and subject (art or science) of knowledge workers.(4) It could recognize and classify the types of knowledge task from the angle of mind operation modes.The description and representation of knowledge task process has provided sustain to knowledge task method-optimization and time-mensuration. It not only has basic significance in management science and knowledge management work efficiency, but also implies discussion of artificial intelligence knowledge representation method. It has innovative significance in theory and practice.更多还原