【作者】 马茹艳；

【导师】 宋文华；

【作者基本信息】 天津理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来住宅装修比较盛行,由于各种装饰材料的过量使用而引发的室内环境污染,已严重影响到人们的生命健康,这使得研究室内装饰材料的安全性更加具有现实意义。本实验通过建立装饰材料吸入染毒小鼠实验动物模型,研究吸入装饰材料挥发物致小鼠多组织器官的氧化损伤和遗传毒性,为修订和完善室内装饰污染物相关卫生标准提供科学依据。论文的主要研究内容及结论包括以下几个方面:(1)对不同浓度气态甲醛诱导小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率进行了统计分析。40只小鼠随机分成对照组和4,12,36mg/m3剂量组,采用静式呼吸道染毒,连续染毒4d ,每天6h ,染毒结束后将小鼠处死,测定微核率。结果表明:中、高剂量组的小鼠骨髓微核率与阴性对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。不同剂量组微核率经方差分析有显著性差异(P<0.01)。经F检验,受试物剂量组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),且雌雄两性微核率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。环磷酰胺组(40mg/kgBw)微核率与阴性对照同性别微核率相比,有显著性差异(P<0.01),且雌、雄两性微核率均无显著性差异,认为气态甲醛对小鼠有致突变作用。(2)应用静式吸入染毒方法,探讨乳胶漆与醇酸色漆单独及混合对小鼠不同组织器官SOD的抑制作用,及对肺组织LDH、骨髓微核率的影响等。染毒期间及恢复期观察其行为变化,染毒后测定其四种脏器(心、肺、肝、肾)超氧化歧物酶(SOD)的水平。结果显示, 3h染毒实验组,乳胶漆挥发物使小鼠肺组织SOD活性显著下降(P<0.01),醇酸色漆使小鼠肝、肺、心组织SOD活性显著下降(P<0.01);30h染毒实验,乳胶漆与醇酸色漆均使小鼠肝、肺组织SOD活性显著下降(P<0.01),而对肾、心组织SOD抑制作用不明显(P>0.05)。混合组结果显示挥发物对小鼠肝、肺组织SOD活性影响显著(P<0.01)。醇酸色漆挥发物对小鼠肺、肝组织SOD活性影响最大,混合组次之,乳胶漆组影响较小。在染毒时间及方式相同的情况下,醇酸色漆比乳胶漆对小鼠肺组织LDH的影响显著,混合组比两种涂料单独作用影响显著(P<0.01)。醇酸色漆与混合组骨髓微核率与对照组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01),各染毒组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。说明涂料挥发物对小鼠有一定氧化损伤与致突变作用。(3)通过建立室内装饰材料染毒模型,探讨室内装饰材料挥发物对小鼠的氧化损伤及遗传毒性影响。实验结果显示室内装饰材料挥发物对小鼠肝、肺组织SOD酶活性影响与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),对心、肾组织影响不明显(P>0.05);小鼠肺组织LDH显著升高(P<0.01)。该挥发物可使小鼠骨髓微核率与对照组比较显著升高(P<0.01)。室内装饰材料挥发物可使小鼠的外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤,且明显高于对照组,差别具有显著性意义(P<O.001)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays interior decoration is popular; however, excessive use of decorative materials possibly induces extensive indoor environmental pollution which does harm to people’s health. It is significant to study the safety of interior decorative materials. Our study establishes suitable methods to evaluate the oxidation damage and genetic toxicity of VOCs emitted from decorative materials, and to provide scientific basis for revising and perfecting the related hygienic standards of interior decoration pollution.The experimental contents and results as follows:(1) Statistical analysis was done for the rate of bone marrow cell micronucleus induced by different dose of formaldehyde .40 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups , two of which was for control , and the other three were 4 ,12 and 36 mg/m3 dose group respectively. The mice were killed after they were given inhalation exposure of formaldehyde in a peaceful environment for 4 days, 6 hours per day and then the rates of bone marrow cell micronucleus were measured. There was a significant difference between high middle dose groups and control group(P<0.05).Through statistical analysis the different dose group had significant difference(P<0.01) .Compared with negative group the Cyclophosphamide(40mg/kgBw) group had significant difference(P<0.01), and the male and female had not significant difference(P>0.05). The results showed that formaldehyde might be of mutagenesis on mice.(2) Study the oxidation damage and mutation of VOCs emitted from alkyd color lacquer and latex paint which applied static inhalation single and mixed exposed experiment. Action changes in both the period of exposure and convalescence were observed periodically. After exposed, the SOD activities of 4 organs (lung, heart, liver and kidney) were measured. The results showed ,in the 3h exposed experiment, the SOD activities in liver , lung and heart were decreased significantly(P<0.01)in the alkyd color lacquer exposed group, the SOD activities in the lung decreased significantly(P<0.01)in the latex paint exposed group; in the 30h exposed experiment, the lung and liver were decreased significantly(P<0.01)both in the alkyd color lacquer and the latex paint exposed group. But the suppression effect of SOD on kidney and heart were not obvious in two single exposed group(P>0.05). In the mixed group, the SOD activities in liver and lung were decreased significantly(P<0.01). In the three exposed groups, the alkyd color lacquer had the most negative effect, the latex paint’s effect was least. Under the same exposed time and measure, the alkyd color lacquer had more significant difference than the latex paint on the LDH in the lung; the mixed group had more significant difference than the other two single exposed groups. Compared with negative group , the rates of bone marrow cell micronucleus of the alkyd color lacquer group had significant difference(P<0.01), and had not significant difference in the exposed groups. The results showed that the VOCs emitted from paints might be of mutagenesis on mice. It was suggested that alkyd color lacquer had some toxic effect and oxidation damage on mice.(3) By establishing the inhalation toxicity model of indoor decorative materials, to explore the oxidation damage and genetic toxicity of VOCs emitted from decorative materials. The results showed that the SOD activities in the lung and liver were decreased significantly(P<0.01). But the suppression effect of SOD on kidney and heart was not obvious difference in the exposed group(P>0.05). The LDH activities in the lung were increased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with negative group , the rates of bone marrow cell micronucleus of the exposed group had significant difference(P<0.01).The DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of exposed mice was significantly higher than those of the negative control group (P<0.001) . The DNA damage was existed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice exposed to the VOCs emitted from decorative materials.更多还原