内蒙古东部地区狼（Canis lupus）的冬季家域

【作者】 翟红昌；

【导师】 张洪海；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 动物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 狼是世界性广布物种，但随着生境的不断恶化，其生存受到了威胁。狼被国际濒危物种公约(CITES)列为附录Ⅱ种类，当前，狼在我国仅分布于东北、西北少数地区。2004．11—2005．1和2005．11—2006．1连续两个冬季，作者在达赉湖国家级自然保护区对狼的家域进行了研究。采用雪地跟踪的方法，两个冬季分别收集定位点数据194个和107个。本论文的主要成果为：1．利用Arc View GIS 3.2软件包中的Special Analyst模块、Animal movement模块和Home range模块估算两年冬季狼群的家域。在采用95％最小凸多边形法对狼群家域进行估算时，求得2004年冬季研究地区狼群家域面积为309.839km~2，2005年冬季研究地区狼群家域面积为291.161km~2，两年内狼群所利用的地域面积未有显著变化。2．采用95％Fixed Kernel模型对狼群家域的斑块化利用格局进行的估算表明，2004年冬季研究地区狼群家域为两块主要斑块，总面积为129.239km~2；2005年冬季研究地区狼群家域为三块主要斑块，总面积为264.325km~2，两年内狼群对家域的利用分布有明显变化。相对2004年冬季，随着隐蔽条件较好的干旱苇塘被破坏，2005年冬季狼群对家域的利用分布具有向外围沙地沙坨偏移的趋势。3．利用切点法在“利用强度—家域面积比例”曲线上分别计算2004年和2005年两年冬季狼群家域的核心区，求得在70％Kernel时，狼群的活动区域为其冬季对家域的最集中利用区域，即家域的核心区。2004年冬季狼群家域的核心区面积为23.992km~2，2005年的核心区面积为59.783km~2。2004年冬季，狼群家域具有以干旱苇塘为中心的单核心区，2005年冬季，狼群家域的核心区为分别以干旱苇塘和沙地沙坨为中心的双核心区。4．采用主成分分析方法对狼捕食地生境进行分析表明，前三个特征值的累计贡献率已达到70.780％，可以较好的反映捕食地的生境特征，影响狼对家畜捕食对策的前三位影响因子分别是人为看护因子、气候因子、猎物脆性因子。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wolf is a widely populated species in the world. Nevertheless, with the increasing deterioration of its habitat, it has been threatened with extinction. Wolves have been listed as II species in the appendix of CITES. Currently wolves are merely populated in a few regions in Northeast and Northwest in China. Home range for a wolf (Canis lupus) pack in the prairie of eastern Inner Mongolia was studied in the winters of 2004 and 2005. With snow tracking method, 107 and 194 location data were separately collected in the two winters.The main achievements of this essay are listed as following:Wolf’s home range was estimated by the use of "Home range" and "Special Analyst" extension from Arc View GIS 3.2. By using 95%Minimum Convex Polygon method in the computation of wolf pack for its home range size, the area obtained was 309.839 km~2 in 2004 winter and 291.161km~2 in 2005 winter. In two years the region area the wolf pack used has not had a remarkable change.In using 95% Fixed Kernel model to calculate home range size of the wolf pack, the area obtained was 129.239km~2 in 2004 winter and 264.325km~2 in 2005 winter. In two years the wolf pack has a obvious change in the utility distribution. In 2005 winter the utility distribution had a displacement tendency to the Periphery Sand dune.Tangential method was used to estimate the home range core in 2004 and 2005 winter on the "probability of use and percentage of home range" curve. When the Kernel valued seventy percent, the area was found to be the most densely used region, which was exactly the home range core. The home range core area was 23.992km~2 in 2004 winter and 59.783km~2 in 2005 winter. In 2004 winter there was a single home range core, whose center was the arid reed pond. In 2004 winter there were double home range cores centered respectively with the arid reed pond and the sand dune.Result of principal component analysis showed that the first 3 principal components explained 81.343% of the total variance among all habitat variables. According to absolute value of coefficient, the 3 components were classified separately as safeguard factor, climate factor and food frangibility factor.更多还原