【作者】 王巧瑞；

【导师】 闫文周；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 我国旧建筑物的数量已达到相当规模，随着城市化发展的加快，它们将面临拆除或继续使用的两难选择。对于我们这样一个人口众多、资源相对缺乏的国家，盲目的选择拆除或不加科学决策的维修改造无疑会造成重大的浪费。然而现阶段综合考虑技术、经济等方面的旧建筑物维修改造无论是理论研究还是实践方面都不够深入。在对国内外旧建筑物维修改造历史发展以及相关理论分析的基础上，应用灰色聚类方法对旧建筑物结构的安全性进行了评定，具体过程是将旧建筑物结构作为聚类对象对于抗力与荷载效应之比、已使用年数、变形及外观情况、构造和连接情况、裂缝这些聚类指标所拥有的白化数，按若干灰数即结构的安全性等级进行评定，从而判断出旧建筑物结构安全性属于哪一个等级。为结构加固方法的确定和维修改造总方案的决策提供了科学依据。加固是提高旧建筑物结构安全性、减少事故隐患，延长结构使用寿命的有效方法。在综合考虑加固造价、施工工期、施工工序组织、对原有建筑物的影响、使用材料设备的绿色化程度、企业施工能力等因素的基础上，应用模糊综合评判法比选出较优加固方法。维修改造总方案的决策是旧建筑物维修改造的重点内容。我们可以对旧建筑物原封保留并继续使用(结构安全性得到保证时)，也可以通过减荷延长旧建筑物的使用寿命期，同样也可以对旧建筑物进行加固改造和新建功能设备齐全的新建筑物代替旧建筑物，但由于业主对建筑物服役年限的要求不同以及经济的局限性等因素的影响，我们只能在现有的条件下综合总费用、使用寿命期、安全性、适用性、工期因素应用模糊综合评判法决策出最佳决策方案。之后，通过具体工程案例分析，证明了灰色聚类对结构安全性的评定和模糊综合评判法对加固方法和维修改造总方案决策的可行性和简单明了性。最后对旧建筑物维修改造的理念、方法和政策建议等提出一些见解。更多还原

【Abstract】 The quantity of the old building in our country has reached suitable scale. Along with the urban development, the old building will be demolished or used .Regarding the large population and the deficient resources, the blind choice of demolition or the unscientific policy-making of the service transformation can create huge waste .However, at present, regardless of the fundamental research or the practices about the service transformation which overall evaluation technology, economy old building service and so on are insufficient.Introduces the domestic and foreign old building service transformation historical development and correlation theories analysis.Then, we use the pessimistic cluster method to determinate the building security secure rank which is the foundation of the choice including structure reinforcement and service transformation plan. The valuation Process is: the old building structure as cluster object , the ratio of load bearing capacity, service period, deformation and appearance, structure and connectivity, cracks as cluster target, according to the number of gray levels, judge the structural safety of old building belong to which hierarchy.Structure reinforcement is the effective method to improve the safety of old building, reduce the hidden danger of accidents, extend the life of the structure. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method that using the cost and construction time, construction processes, the impact of the original buildings, green materials and equipment used in the degree of construction enterprises such factors figure out the best reinforcement method.Renovation of the total decision-making is the focus of the program content .Using the old building that keep original state, old building which modified and reconstruct a new building, these schemes which can be the ultimate scheme were decided by Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method that considering cost, life, period, safety and serviceability figure out the best reinforcement method.Then ,a case had proven that the pessimistic cluster application in the old building security appraisal and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method that figure out the best reinforcement method and renovation program not only feasible but also simply. Finally, the author proposed some opinions about the service transformation idea, the method and the policy suggestion and so on to the old buildings.更多还原