【作者】 陈靖；

【导师】 王怡；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，建筑能耗和环境问题受到了越来越多的关注，随着可持续发展战略的提出，自然通风这项古老的技术重新得到了重视。合理利用自然通风能改善室内热环境，提供新鲜、清洁的自然空气，改善室内空气品质，有利于人的身体健康，满足人们心理上亲近自然、回归自然的需求。目前，自然通风技术还不完善，缺乏相应成熟可靠的设计软件对自然通风进行准确预测，因此，有必要对自然通风机理及其影响因素进行探讨。首先，本文对现存自然通风中的问题进行了总结，讨论了自然通风阻力特性研究的基础问题，分析了风压作用下的居住建筑大开口自然通风流动特性，并与传统管流进行了对比，发现大开口通风驱动力为全压差，流量系数计算必须遵循伯努利方程前提条件。其次，对窗户大开口形式进行了分析，并以问卷的方式对目前居住建筑窗户使用状况进行了调查，发现推拉窗的使用率最高，并普遍存在窗户可开启部分面积过小的问题。最后，利用CFD技术对居住建筑模型进行了模拟，对气流计算断面进行了选取，分析了室外来流速度、窗墙面积比、室外来流角度、开口面积不一致等因素对开口阻力特性的影响，分析了各种工况下的流场情况及流量系数值。另外对多区模型进行了初步探讨，发现多区模型中不同的房间开口具有不同的阻力特性。本文通过对居住建筑自然通风阻力特性的理论及模拟分析，得到了针对不同具体条件下大开口自然通风的流量系数值，为工程应用提供了数值参考依据，并为自然通风进一步的研究奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, more and more attentions is paid to energy consume and environment in buildings. With arising of sustainable development, the old technology of natural ventilation is regarded again. Reasonably utilization of natural ventilation can supply fresh air and improve indoor environment for human being’s health and meet require of approaching the nature. Presently, natural ventilation technology is not perfect, mature and reliable software is lacked to exactly forecast flow of natural ventilation. It’s necessary to discuss the theory of natural ventilation and factors.Firstly, the present issues of natural ventilation are summarized in this paper. The basic issues of natural ventilation and the resistance characteristic of large opening in residential buildings with wind pressure ventilation are analyzed. And the discharge coefficient of large opening is discussed comparing with pipe flow theory. It shows that total pressure drives the air flow through large opening. And the calculation of discharge coefficients must follow the terms of Bernoulli equation.Secondly, the form of large openings is analyzed and an investigation is processed on windows of residential building with questionnaire. It shows that the usage rate of push-and-pull window is very high and the prevalent problem is that the opening area of windows is too small.Finally, CFD numerical simulation technology is used in this paper. The calculated surface of air flow is confirmed. Several ventilation model cases are simulated to analyze the influence factors of resistance characteristic, such as outdoor flow velocity, building porosity, outdoor flow angle and different opening area in opposite walls, in each case the flow field and discharge coefficient is discussed. In addition, multiplex region model case is also discussed in this paper. In a word, natural ventilation resistance characteristic of residential building openings is discussed in this paper, several building models are simulated with CFD numerical simulation technology, kinds of discharge coefficients is achieved, it provides ample data for project applications and establishes base for further research on natural ventilation.更多还原