【作者】 何月；

【导师】 邢立新；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 景观格局与过程的研究是景观生态学的研究热点和难点之一。论文以景观生态学理论为基础,综合应用遥感和地理信息系统对长白山地区景观格局变化进行系统研究,通过对不同时相遥感数据及地理辅助数据的处理分析,构建专家分类模板,提取20世纪70年代以来长白山地区三个时相(1977年、1985年、1999年)的区域景观类型,从数量变化、空间变化来多角度、多层面地反映近30年景观格局的变化,揭示主要生态环境问题,运用主成分分析法对引起景观变化的驱动力进行研究,并在此基础上用马尔科夫模型预测该地区景观发展趋势,为区域资源的可持续发展、景观优化提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ecological environmental problem is one of the important issues that human should face together in the 21st century. Land use/cover change (LUCC) is closely related to global environment and human life. LUCC not only brings the great change of landscape structure, but also impacts the materials circulation and energy flow. The dynamic change of regional landscape pattern can cause the ecology function change. The migration of different landscapes is helpful to recognize the change tendency of ecological environment and its driving force. It is significant to know the regional landscape behavior, formulate the reasonable ecology management and countermeasure.The Changbai Mountains ecosystem has the special strategic status. It has an important influence on the northeast area of China and even Northeast Asia. This paper makes a systematic research on the Changbai Mountains. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, comprehensively using the technology combining remote sensing with the geographic information system, we have been studying the landscape pattern succession characteristic in recent 30 years. Through the localized and quantitative analysis to the change of regional landscape pattern, we can thoroughly and accurately know the dynamic succession process, reveal characteristic of the landscape pattern change, probe its diving factor and evolution tendency, provide scientific reference to management and decision-making.Using the multi-spectra, multi-temporal, multi-types remote sensing data and geography spatial data, we design the expert classifier model to extract the landscape information which unifies the spectrum and spatial information; Calculated multiple indexes using Fragststs software, that has attributed the region condition such as Fractal Dimension Index, Shannon’s Diversity Index, Shannon’s Evenness Index, CONHESION, Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index and so on, from quantity change and spatial variation to reflecting the change of landscape pattern; Applying mathematics model to analyze landscape pattern dynamic evolution characteristic, adopting the principal components analysis to appraise thedriving factor; Finally we predict the landscape development using the Markov model and propose the landscape optimization strategy.We draw conclusions as follows:1. The results show that the structure of landscape types have changed obviously in recent 30 years: Water body, Tundra, Coniferous forest, Coniferous Broadleaf forest and Broad-leaved forest assume the reduced tendency, while Residential land, Road, the Mountain Birch forest, Grass, Cultivated land increased in varying degrees. Cultivated land, Grass and Road continue to increase along with artificial active intensifying. Change tendency of cultivated land, Grass and Road, the Residential basically assumes the uniformity, approximately assumes the reverse uniformity with the forest landscape change tendency. The way of land use is formed as the forest contraction—cultivated land expands—grass increase. Natural factor also causes the forest ecosystem drop in quality, for instance the natural disaster increases, rains reduction, climate drought and so on.2. From 1977 to 1999, the characteristic of vertical zone was extremely obvious, however, the internal structure of the landscape changed significantly. Number of Patches, Fractal Dimension Index, Edge Density increased prominently, while the Average Patch Size reduction shows that the landscape fragmentation and complexity increased; diversity and evenness index increased, landscape heterogeneity increase, Interspersion and Juxtaposition Index spread up and Contagion Index lower indicate landscape patches in various types of spatial distribution appeared equalized, dominance and connectivity of forest reduced.3. The analysis of driving force in the study area shows that, the main cause of the degradation of ecosystem is population growth, continuously increasing of land use degree and the irrational exploitation, different intensity and method of logging between 1977~1985 and 1985-1999 lead to the different changing ways; Changbai Mountains have a complete vertical zoon of vegetation: distribution of zoon and population are relevant to heat index. Global temperature has increased in recent years,and it brings on the upward shift with the trends; With the development of tourism, human disturbance has affected transformation of landscape, for instance, tundra reduces rapidly; Many uncertain factors as pests, fires, climate disaster also lead to changes of landscape more complicated.4. The Markov transfer process has specifically reflected transfer direction and the transfer quantity between various landscapes types. The prediction result of Markov model shows that: landscape type area of 2055 computed from two transfer mode between 1977~1985 and 1985~1999,the future structure of the regional landscape is alarming, keeping the current external conditions, Residential land, Road, Grass, Cultivated land has been increased year by year; other types have the decreasing trend. The forest land reduction scope is especially bigger, system stability gradually decreased, human disturbance further strengthen, so it is very austerity to protect the forest ecosystem.5.We must take the protection of resources and environmental as the basic premise when facing the situation at exploitation and utilizing in Changbai Mountains, particularly at the development of tourism, we should take protecting the ecological balance, the biodiversity and the natural resource as a foundation, diligently coordinate the development and the protection contradictory relations, seek the ecology benefit, social efficiency and economic efficiency harmonious development as the goal, guarantee the healthy development of the Changbai Mountains landscape ecology function and sustainable use of the resources. In order to strengthen the ecological environment protection and improve the environment quality, consider the problems that exist, environmental sustainable development is indicated which could provide the effective reference direction to environmental sustainable development.更多还原