【作者】 叶新娜；

【导师】 黄海波； 周廷萱；

【作者基本信息】 西华大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 根据公安部统计，发生在我国各类交通事故中，碰撞事故占69.9％，造成的人员伤亡占70％，车对车碰撞无论在事故次数、人员伤亡还是经济损失都占到相应总数的2／3以上，成为现代道路交通事故的主要形态。在交通事故鉴定中，最困难的就是确定事故车辆事故发生瞬时的车速。解决车速问题唯一可靠的方法，是在现场及时搜集充分的证据，然后对这些证据进行细致的分析，做出科学的结论，而力学正是从事这一分析的主要理论工具。运用力学理论进行分析和计算，准确的推算出汽车在碰撞瞬时的速度是事故过程分析和责任认定的基础。本文依托四川西华机动车司法鉴定所丰富的事故鉴定实践经验和资料，通过对大量交通事故进行分析，提出了速度技术鉴定的物证勘验需要采集的直接信息和间接信息，对GA41-2005《交通事故痕迹物证勘验》做了相应的补充，为办案交警在事故现场的取证提供了有效可行的依据，更加有利于以后事故车辆速度计算的准确性，方便了速度计算专业技术人员，并为交警提供划分责任的更确切的依据。在总结前人研究的基础上，深入地研究汽车碰撞理论，分析了车对车碰撞作用的瞬间状态对碰撞后两车相对位置的影响，利用经典碰撞力学方法，结合汽车碰撞事故的特点，全面系统地分析了汽车碰撞的全过程；提出了几种常见的比较实用的事故车辆速度的计算公式，并详细研究了每个公式的使用范围和所涉及参数的取值范围及影响因素，针对实际发生的碰撞事故，提出在分析时要考虑各种影响因素对车辆运动的综合作用，可以采用多种计算方法相互验证。通过大量的研究分析得出，对于有明显制动痕迹和侧滑痕迹，同时也有大量散落物的事故，应优先采用制动痕迹或侧滑痕迹计算车辆速度，然后利用散落物进行验证和进一步的优化。依据国家标准GA／T643-2006《典型交通事故形态车辆行驶速度技术鉴定》中给出的典型事故速度计算公式，利用VB计算机语言开发了速度技术鉴定计算机辅助软件，以车辆撞击行人事故形态和追尾事故形态为例，对软件使用过程中所涉及到的参数进行了详细的讨论，研究参数的不确定度对计算结果的影响，更加便于公安机关交通管理部门、办案交警、专业技术人员和鉴定机构对车辆行驶速度的技术鉴定，在典型案件条件下可供现场交警快速、准确的对交通事故的责任做出初步的、科学的判断，提高了交通警察处理事故的水平和效率。以发生在高速公路的典型交通事故为例，利用前面所讲的计算方法和公式计算事故车辆的速度，演示了在速度的计算过程中，如何选用合适的公式以及如何根据不同的事故特点对参数进行选取；然后通过典型实例利用软件进行计算，计算结果表明该速度计算软件在一定范围内的有效性、正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of automobile industry and road transportation, the traffic accidents happen every day in the world and become a serious society problem.According to the statistic from police, each kind of traffic accidents occurred in our country. The collision accidents occupied 57%.The personnel casualty which created by the collision accidents reached 70%. Regardless of the sum of accidents, the personnel casualty or the economic loss, they occupy above 2/3 of corresponding total, and become main shape of the modern road traffic accidents.Checkup in the traffic accident, the biggest trouble is the determination of the velocity. The only reliable solution to this question is collecting sufficient evidences in the scene. Then we need analyze these evidences carefully and educe the science conclusion. Moreover, mechanics is main theory tool to carry out this analysis. Making use of the theory of mechanics to analyze and calculate, calculate the velocity of traffic vehicle accurately is the foundation of accident reconstruction process.This paper depends on the plenty experience resources of the Sichuan Xihua Institute of Automobile Vehicle Justice Identification. It’s very useful for traffic policemen. It will be more advantageous to accident vehicles velocity calculation later and has facilitated the velocity calculation for specialized technical personnel, and has provided accurate basis for the traffic police to division responsibility.on the foundation of summarizing the predecessor studies, this paper deeply discusses the automobile collision theory. Using classics collision mechanics method and combining the characteristic of collision accident. The paper has analyzed the entire process of collision systematically. Some practical and feasibility formulas which calculate the velocity of accident vehicles are proposed. Then dissect use scope of each formula and the influence factors of involved the parameters. Aim at the accidents which actually occurred, analyzing the uncertain of the essential parameters needed by the calculation of collision velocity, such as road surface trace, coefficient of adhesion, automobile body distortion and so on. This paper uses VB language developed the computer assistance software of the calculation of typical traffic accident velocity with national standard GA/T643-2006.It’s very advantageous for the traffic control department of the public security organ and the traffic police of the cases and the specialized technical personnel and the appraisal organization. The software can improve the level and efficiency of velocity technical appraisal.This paper introduces three examples of typical traffic accidents occurred in Cheng-Nan highway, demonstrated in the computation process how to select appropriate formula as well as how to make certain the parameter according to the different characteristic of every accident. Then calculate typical traffic accident velocity using computer-aided software. Through testing, this velocity calculation software is proved to be effective and accurate and feasible.更多还原