蔬菜中农药残留及安全用药技术研究

【作者】 殷春杭；

【导师】 朱国念； 徐永；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业推广， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，种植业者为了防治病虫害和追求高产，大量地滥用农药，致使农药在环境及农副产品中的残留现象日益严重，不仅造成环境污染，而且严重地威胁着人们的身体健康针对这一为民众关注的问题我们开展了试验研究。我们研究目前蔬菜上允许使用的常用农药在不同环境条件下的安全使用间隔期和安全使用剂量，研究常用农药在蔬菜中的残留检测方法，从而制定出蔬菜生产中常用农药的安全使用技术规范，并以质量管理和强制检测为约束机制，指导并督促菜农进行定量化的安全用药。本文对这一研究结果阐述如下：(1)开展甲霜灵、毒死蜱等八种农药在小白菜、甘蓝等七种蔬菜上残留检测技术的研究，完善测试方法、缩短检测时间、节约检测成本、提高检测准确度和精密度。(2)开展毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯在小白菜、甘蓝、花菜、豇豆、扁豆、丝瓜上及甲霜灵、百菌清、多菌灵、三唑酮在黄瓜上的残留动态研究，提出南通地区大宗蔬菜常用农药的使用技术和安全间隔期。(3)．组织低毒低残留农药防治斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、菜青虫、黄瓜霜霉病、白菜黑斑病的田间试验研究，并筛选出适合当地的效果好、成本低的药剂和药剂组合，建立较完整的蔬菜农药安全使用技术体系。(4)．研究制订适用本地区的“无公害小白菜农药安全使用技术规程”、“无公害花菜农药安全使用技术规程”、“无公害豇豆农药安全使用技术规程”、“无公害黄瓜农药安全使用技术规程”等4个地方标准，为规范本地无公害蔬菜基地农药安全使用提供了执行依据。提高农产品的安全质量，经济、社会、生态效益显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years pesticides have been worldwidely applied to crops in order to control pest and pursue high crop yield. Thus the phenomenon of pesticide residue in the environment and farm products is more and more serious, which causes significant environmental contamination and threatens to human health. The research conducted in this thesis mainly focus on the problem mentioned above. It mostly contained safety use of pesticides and the harvest intervals on vegetables under agricultural conditions, and methods for determination of the pesticide residue in vegetable crops. Consequently the safe-use technical guideline for pesticides applied to vegetable production was established, with quality management and compulsory examination taken as a restraint regulation to supervise and urge farmers to use pesticides in recommended rates.(1) Techniques for determination of eight pesticides residue, such as metalaxyl, chlorpyrifos, etc., in seven vegetables such as pakchoi, cabbage, etc., were developed perfactly, including the perfection of trial method, the reduction of detecting time, the economization of test cost, and the improvement in precision and accuracy of experiments.(2) Degradation and disappearing of residues of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate,β-cypermethrin in pakchoi, cabbage, cauliflower, cowpea, haricot bean, towel gourd, and of metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, triadimefon in cucumber, was investigated. The harvest intervals of pesticides commonly used on above-mentioned vegetables in Nantong were proposed, as well as the techniques of their usage.(3) Effective and low-cost pesticides with low toxicity and their alternation were recommended for local agriculture after field trials. Also, a integrated technique system was suggested for the safe use of vegetable to control Prodenia litura, Laphygma exigua Hubner, Pieris rapae, Pseudoperonospora cubensis Rostov., and Alternaria brassicae Sacc..(4) Four guidelines for pesticides safety use on non-polluted pakchoi, cauliflower, cowpea and cucumber were drawn up and promoted in the local non-polluted vegetable production. It will be significant for the benefit of economy, society and ecosystem.更多还原