【作者】 汪继华；

【导师】 张明方； 朱琴妹；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业推广， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 自小型西瓜引入中国大陆后，因大多品种皮薄，较易裂果，种子价格高，所以大多采用保护地栽培。浙江省一般是采用早春大棚三膜爬地栽培，春、秋季大棚立架栽培和秋季小拱棚爬地栽培等栽培模式。小型西瓜露地栽培也大多由于裂果较多，西瓜品质下降，较少有人采用。2000年，因偶然发现，小型西瓜攀缘后，产量和品质明显高于露地爬地栽培，商品性也提高。本研究以小型西瓜为材料探究小型西瓜露地搭架栽培技术。通过品种比较试验，‘早春红玉’、‘斯维特’、‘特小凤’、‘拿比特’等小型西瓜品种均适于露地搭架栽培。播种期试验表明4月10日至5月20日均为适宜播种期，尤其以4月20日到5月20日之间播种，效益最佳。栽培密度及方式研究表明以双行种植，株距80cm的处理产量最高，效益最好。通过小型西瓜露地搭架嫁接栽培砧木嫁接试验表明‘京欣砧1号’、‘安吉圆瓠瓜’、‘杭州长瓜’‘勇士’四个砧木品种与小型西瓜品种‘斯维特’嫁接时亲合力较好，具有较高的成活率。采用上述四种砧木嫁接，对小型西瓜品种‘斯维特’外观没有影响，对品质影响较小。采用‘京欣砧1号’、‘安吉圆瓠瓜’、‘杭州长瓜’‘勇士’作．砧木能显著提高小型西瓜对枯萎病的抗性。采用‘京欣砧1号’、‘安吉圆瓠瓜’、‘杭州长瓜’作砧木能显著提高小型西瓜对炭疽病的抗性，而用‘勇士’作砧木不能显著提高小型西瓜对炭疽病的抗性。通过小型西瓜露地搭架栽培基质栽培研究，用农家常见的材料，如焦泥灰等物作基质，也可以用五年以上未种过西瓜的土壤作基质，利用塑料薄膜把基质和本田土隔离，可以极显著地降低西瓜枯萎病的发病率，是解决西瓜连作的有效方法之一；但用焦泥灰等经过经高温灼烧的基质，土壤有机质大量损失，应在基质的配方中增加有机肥及氮肥等肥料的用量；采用基质和本田土隔离的方法应配套滴灌技术，使土壤水分得以较好控制；采用重力滴灌方法，此法简单易行。在滴灌中适当补充养分，能大大提高西瓜的产量，增强植株的抗逆性，延长采收时间，使西瓜能一作收多茬，大大提高种植西瓜的经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since mini-watermelon varieties had been imported mainland of China, because most of mini-watermelon varieties is with thickly percarp, easily dehiscent fruit, and highly price, Most of these were planted in dependency. They were planted on the ground, covered with tri-level plastic membrane in early spring, or planted floor stand in high plastic shed in spring and on the ground in low plastic shed in full in Zhejiang province. Mini-watermelons are less planted in open field because of the more dehiscent fruit and lowly quality.In 2000, it was haphazardly found that the mini-watermelon’s yield and quality had been improved by scramble on the trees. After then, I began studie on cultivation techniques with humping support of mini-watermelons.By the results of varietals yield test, mini-watermelon varieties so as ’Zaochunhongyu’, ’Sweet’, ’Texiaofeng’, ’Nabite’,.etc, are fit for this technique. By the results of date test, the fit plant date is from Apr 10^th to May 20^th , especially from Apr 20^th to May 20^th . By the results of density test, double row cultivation, 80cm spacing in the rows is the best. By the results of graft test, rootstock varieties so as ’Jinxinzheyihao’, ’Anjiyuanhugua’, ’Hangahouchangua’, ’ warrior’ have high affinity and success ratio with the ’Sweet’. Use these 4 rootstock varieties, it is no influence about the fruit surface and less influence on quality on ’Sweet’. Use ’Jinxinzheyihao’, ’Anjiyuanhugua’ ’Hangahouchangua’ and ’ warrior’ as rootstock, it can observably improve the resistance of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. mvewm（E.F.Smith） Wolle). ’Jinxinzheyihao’, ’Anjiyuanhugua’ and’Hangahouchangua’ can observably improve the resistance of Colletotrichum orbiculare （Berk.& Mont）Arx But ’ warrior’ can’t improve the resistance of Colletotrichum orbiculare （Berk.& Mort）Arx. By the study of Matrix, use the materials such as burnt marl which is customarily seen in farmhouse as Matrix. We also may use the soil which never been plant watermelon in the past 5years as Matrix. The Matrix is separated from self-soil by plastic membrane. This method can most observably reduce the rate of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum（E.F.Smith） Wolle). This is one of the available methods that solved the problem about watermelon continuous cropping. Use the burnt marl which has been burnt as Matrix, it lost most of the organic matter of the soil. We must add organic matter and nitrogenous fertilizer in this Matrix. If we use this Matrix or new soil separated from self-soil by plastic membrane , we should cooperate it with trickle irrigator. We can control moisture of the soil accurately. Gravitational trickle irrigator is a easy to predominate. Adding any nutrient in liquid of trickle irrigator, it can greatly improve the yield of watermelon. It can Improve the plant ability of Counteracting adversity. It also can extend the harvest period . It can made watermelon one plant and more batch. It can greatly improve the economic benefit of watermelon planting.更多还原